Unit 6. Project Management

Vocabulary

2.

1-c, 2-e , 3-h, 4-j, 5-f, 6-i, 7- a, 8-d , 9-g, 10-b.

3.

1. Extreme project, 2. Operations, 3. Program, 4. Process, 5. Risk, 6. Project Cost, 7. Earned value, 8. Critical chain project, 9. Nonlinear, 10. Effort.

4.

1. Business model, 2. Business analysis, 3. Quality, 4. Reengineering, 5. Communications Log, 6. Resources, 7. Project planning, 8.Work Breakdown structure.

Reading 1

A

1. f; 2. d; 3. e; 4. a; 5. b; 6. c.

D

Example synonyms:

1. to merge – combine; 2. to confirm – verify; 3. to capture – record; 4. to overlook – to fail to see; 5. to estimate – appraise; 6. to perceive – observe; 7. to review – examine; 8. to update – reengineer.

2.

1. disruption – confusion; 2. dividend – bonus; 3. method – strategy; 4. success - achievement; 5. arena – field; 6. team – staff .

E

1. into; 2. to; 3. up, over; 4. on, at; 5. as, to; 6. with; 7. to, within; 8. on; 9. off, to; 10. to; 11. in.

G

1. e; 2. h; 3. f; 4. d; 5. a; 6. k; 7. b; 8. g; 9. j; 10. i; 11. c.

Speaking

Initially, the discussion can be held in small groups. Students then present their rules/lessons and discuss them with other teams. The activity can be extended if students are asked to think of other well-known disasters/failures. Discuss if their rules/lessons apply to other situations.

Sample rules:

1. You need to know what you're measuring

2. Assumptions can kill you

3. Distractions are dangerous

4. Little things add up

5. Stakeholders should be kept informed

6. Other people's perspectives matter

7. Moving targets can hurt you

8. Traceability is essential

9. Methodology is more important than technology

10. Documentation may have lasting benefits

Reading 2

C

Example title: System integration is a critical element in project design

E

1

1. c; 2. a; 3. b.

2

1. e; 2. d; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c.

F

1. to act, action, actionable; 2. to equip, equipment; 3. to specify, specification, specificity, specified, specific; 4. to reduce; redundancy, redundant; 5. to conceptualize, concept, conceptual; 6. to offer, offering, offered; 7. to perform, performance, performing.

G

1. in; 2. in; 3. on, up; 4. on; 5. on; 6. with; 7. throughout; 8. in; 9. with.

Grammar

1.

1. have, ask; 2. are late, will start; 3. enter, does not recognize; 4. signed, would ship; 5. rise, become; 6. lends, will invest; 7. use, will be; 8. do not invest, will not survive; 9. sends, order; 10. does, will provide.

2.

1. had; 2. was; 3. will finish; 4. would not break; 5. find; 6. had not developed; 7. would offer; 8. remained; 9. would have lost; 10. had.

Unit 7. Risk Management

Vocabulary

2.

1. g, 2. j, 3. h, 4. a, 5. b, 6. d, 7. f, 8. c, 9. e, 10. i.

3.

1. analysis, 2. evaluation , 3. criteria, 4. avoidance, 5. transfer, 6. reduction, 7. optimization, 8. financing.

4.

1. stakeholder, 2. interested party, 3. property, 4. occupational accident, 5. self-insurance, 6. named insured, 7. aggregate limit, 8. context.

5.

1. f, 2. a, 3. h, 4. b, 5. g/c, 6. d, 7. e, 8. c/g.

Reading 1

D

1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. b.

E

1. to govern, governance, government, governor; 2. to resile, resiliency, resilience, resilient; 3. to account, accountability, accountancy, accountant, account, accounting, accountable; 4. to expose, exposure, exposition, exposed, expositive.

F

1. with; 2. in on; 3. beyond; 4. on; 5. across.

Speaking

1.

If a student chooses Best Retailer IT, they can consider themselves to be risk seekers, and if they choose New Retailer IT, they could be considered averse to risk.

  Risk seekers will choose the option with the most at stake (40% chance that costs can increase to $850,000) but the most favorable outcome ($300,000 cost).

  Risk averse individuals will choose the safest option (80% chance of high reliability at a cost of $750,000) with a life-long guarantee. However, this is the costly option.

To extend the activity a teacher may ask the following question: As a risk seeker would the following scenario change your mind? Given the competition from New Retailer IT, Best Retailer IT has proposed the following incentive: a 70% guarantee of providing reliable equipment and parts at a cost of $300,000. There is still however a 30% chance that the equipment will fail – in which case, the costs can increase to $850,000. Answer: As Best Retailer IT’s guarantees increase, its offer becomes attractive to even the most risk-averse individuals because of the massive savings it offers compared with New Retailer IT.

Reading 2

A

1. 3, b. 7, c. 1, d. 2, e. 10, f. 6, g. 8, h. 9, i. 5, j. 4.

C

1. b, 2. d, 3. g, 4. a, 5. f, 6. c, 7. e.

D

1. to complexify, complexity, complex; 2. probability, probabilism, probable, probablilistic; 3. to quantify, quantification, quantity; 4. to enhance, enhancer, enhanced; 5. to accept, acceptance, acceptant, acceptation, accepter, acceptable, accepted, acceptive.

E

6. to; 2. for; 3. with; 4. with; 5. for.

Grammar

1.

1. had done; 2. did not have; 3. had not stayed up; 4. worked; 5. would answer; 6. did; 7. had signed; 8. had; 9. had accepted; 10. would stop.