IV. Choose the right answer:

1. Soil covers a … portion of the earth’s land surface.

a) smaller b) greater c) middle d) different

2. It … most of the planet’s life.

a) maintains b) prepares c) consists of d) covers

3. Soil is necessary for growing … .

a) animals b) minerals c) plants d) people

4. Many kinds of … maintain the growth of plants.

a) people b) flowers c) animals d) soils

5. Roots of different plants are located in … .

a) nutrients b) soil c) air d) people

V. Study the following nouns and give their meaning, paying attention to the way оf their formation:

Soil, earth, planet, animal, plant, microbe, air, water, life

VI. Translate into English:

1. Земля вкриває більшу частину поверхні нашої планети.

2. Корені рослин знаходяться в землі.

3. Іноді земля може стати домом для деяких тварин.

4. Земля - це суміш органічних та мінеральних матеріалів, повітря та води.

5. Землю можна легко зруйнувати.

Communicative situation

1. How do you understand the statement of F. Roosevelt?

2. Would you support or object F. Roosevelt’s statement?

Part 2

I. Learn the following words:

locale – місце

soil survey maps – карти земельного огляду

description – опис

horizon – ярус, шар(грунту)

to key – включити

to predict – передбачати

removal - зсув

II. Find English equivalents of these words combinations in the text:

звіт про земельний огляд, хімічні властивості, класифікаційна система, земельний матеріал, земельна інформація, формування землі, карта земельного огляду

ІІІ. Read and translate the text:

Soil Formation and Classification

Most soils are given a name, which generally comes from the locale where the soil was first mapped. Named soils are referred to as soil series.

Soil survey reports include the soil survey maps and the names and descriptions of the soils in a report area. These soil survey reports are published and are available to everyone.

Soils are named and classified on the basis of physical and chemical properties in their horizons (layers). "Soil Taxonomy" uses color, texture, structure, and other properties of the surface two meters deep to key the soil into a classification system to help people use soil information. This system also provides a common language for scientists.

Soils and their horizons differ from one another, depending on how and when they formed. Soil scientists use five soil factors to explain how soils form and to help them predict where different soils may occur. The soil forming factors are:

1. parent material

2. climate

3. topography

4. biological factors

5. time

The scientists also allow for additions and removal of soil material and for activities and changes within the soil that continue each day.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What are most soils given?

2. What does soil survey report include?

3. Who can use information from soil survey reports?

4. What is the basis for soil classification?

5. How many and what soil forming factors do soil scientists use?

V. Complete the sentences:

1. Most soils have a name comes … .

2. Soil survey report consists of … .

3. Soil survey reports are availably …

4. On the basis of … soils are named and classified.

5. Soil scientist uses … .

VI. Translate into English:

1. Більшість земель має назву.

2. До звіту про земельний огляд входять карти земельного огляду та інформація про назви та опис земель.

3. Інформація зі звіту про земельний огляд є доступною для кожного.

4. Щоб пояснити формування землі, ґрунтознавець використовує п’ять земельних факторів.

5. Початковий матеріал, час, клімат, топографія і біологічні фактори є факторами формування землі.

Communicative situation

1. Think over the factors influencing soils nowadays.

2. What is human being (natural factors) role in formation (destructions) of soils?

3. What measures are necessary to prevent soil destruction?

Unit II