8. Rewrite the following text and translate 1-3 paragraphs of the text. The magna carta

In 1215, the English barons forced the English King John I to sign and adopt the Magna Carta, which provided for them certain guarantees and protection against unreasonable acts of the king. Later, the Magna Carta was revised, and other documents, such as the English Bill of Rights (1689), were adopted.

When the thirteen American colonies broke away from Great Britain after the Revolutionary War, the colonists adopted the principles of the Magna Carta and the common law. These principles became the foundation of the legal system of US federal government and of all the states.

Today, the two great systems of law in the Western world are the Common law of the English-speaking world and the Roman civil law found on the continent of Europe. Both systems have the same objectives, but they differ in origins and methods. The Roman civil law originated in codes (systematic collections of written rules of law) imposed on the people by the emperors of ancient Rome. In contrast, the English common law originated in decisions of judges based on widely held customs of the people. Also, English common law uniquely provides for trial by a jury of one's peers (equals).

The English colonies in America recognized the English common law as governing until July 4, 1776. After that date, existing rules were retained, but further changes in the law were made in the courts of the newly formed American country. The Common Law, with its emphasis on judges making rules of law, continues to serve well till now.

9. Answer the following questions:

1. Who signed and adopted the Magna Carta?

2. What protection gave the Magna Carta to the English barons?

3. What two systems of law we have?

ВАРІАНТ 4

1. Choose the correct verb from the words in brackets. Translate the sentences.

1. Jan said he (enjoy, was enjoying, had enjoyed) his holiday in Switzerland.

2. He said that he (will, would) do the exercise later.

3. My friend said that he (were, is, was) going to paint the sitting room.

4. She said that he father (does, do, did) a lot of business with England.

2. Complete the sentences containing the Indirect questions. Choose, make up sentences and translate it:

1. Do you know ___________________.

a. is it going to rain b. if it’s going to rain

2. I’m anxious to know ______________.

a. how did I do on the exam. b. how I did on the exam.

3. Can you tell me ________________?

a. whether she got the job. b. did she get the job.

3. Find the Participles, comment on their forms, functions, and translate the sentences:

1. Feeling not well, he decided not to go to work.

2. The women sitting in the armchair is the famous scientist.

3. Lost time never comes again.

4. Not knowing her address I cannot write to her.

4. Find the Infinitives, comment on their forms, functions, and translate the sentences:

1. To read ancient mathematic tables was very difficult.

2. We are to live here for the next six months.

3. He forgot to wind the watch when he went to bed.

4. Energy is defined as the ability to do work.

5. To reach the lecture hall he had to walk almost half a mile.

6. The problem to be considered at the conference is of great importance.

5. Find the Gerunds, comment on their functions, and translate the sentences:

1. Please, forgive me disturbing you.

2. Oh, receiving my telegram he answered me at once.

3. Testing a new receiving for the application on the system was the prime task of the laboratory.

4. Discussing the term “work” in detail is the subject of our next article, for we know of its being often misused.

5. They persisted in defying the law.

6. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian, pay attention to the meaning of words in bold:

1. Neither my wife nor me like this story.

2. Oliver has got jobs, but neither of them pays very well.

3. Mary goes to the library every other Monday.

4. HRH stands for Her Royal Highness.

7. Form new words, put them in the sentences and translate.

E xample: to work + able workable

1. This program is not … for the children. (to suit + able =)

2. The period of …. of the agreement has expired. (valid+ ity =)

3. The teachers try to help all students … their full potential. (to real+ ize =)

4. The … of the sport club was expensive. (to equip+ ment =)

5. I feel … against such abuse. (help + less =)