8. Rewrite the following text and translate 1-3 paragraphs of the text. Target audience

If you want to be a publisher you will need an audience. But the number of people doesn’t bother to study their audience before they create their publication. They concentrate on what they want to write, not on what their audience wants to read. To avoid this mistake is simply. Make sure you know what your readers need before you start publishing.

First, think about them. How old are they? How literate are they? How much money do they have? How are they spending their time? Why are they interested in your subject? How much or how little do they already know about it? What motivates them to read: personal development, financial gain or recreation? What do they gain by reading your publication?

Next, talk to your audience. There are lots of low-cost ways to study your prospective readers. For example, interview people at trade shows, or conduct mail and telephone surveys. If you are in print, then run fax polls and surveys in your publication. If you are not in print, then study the letters to the editors and opinion polls. In short, take every step that will allow prospective readers to tell you about themselves.

Then, study your competitors. What's missing from them? What could you do better? No matter how many other publications are already out there, you can usually find a unique and valuable editorial niche, especially if you understand your readers.

Finally, after your readers told you their interests and you listened to them, sit down to create your publication — one that suits them.

9. Answer the following questions:

1. How to find what the audience wants to read?

2. What meaning has an expression „target audience”?

3. How can opinion polls help to define a target audience?

ВАРІАНТ 3

1. Choose the correct verb from the words in brackets. Translate the sentences.

1. Peter said he (knows, knew, had known) some funny stories.

2. She said that it always rained when she (forgets, forgot, forgotten) her umbrella.

3. The engineer said the new turbine had been (give, given, gave) a full load.

4. They said that they (finished, had finished) their work by 5 o’clock yesterday.

2. Complete the sentences containing the Indirect questions. Choose, make up sentences and translate it:

1. Can you tell me ___________________?

a. where have they moved b. whether they have moved

2. They do not know ______________.

a. where the museum is b. where is the museum.

3. I have no idea ________________.

a. how much a concert ticket costs. b. how much does a concert ticket cost

3. Find the Participles, comment on their forms, functions, and translate the sentences:

1. When asked he answered at once.

2. The articles written by this scientist are read all over the world.

3. The faded flower lies on the table.

4. Asking about my vocation plans Mr. Smith smiled all of a sudden.

4. Find the Infinitives, comment on their forms, functions, and translate the sentences:

1. To translate this text is our task.

2. Heat absorbed by a liquid causes the liquid to evaporate.

3. He brought me some water to drink.

4. To understand the importance of this event you should know all the facts.

5. The amount to be paid includes the cost of packing.

6. It may rain to night.

5. Find the Gerunds, comment on their functions, and translate the sentences:

1. He was sorry for having missed the conference.

2. Designing is his favorite occupation.

3. The best way to achieve good results in sport is training.

4. He finds difficulties in translating technical texts from English into Ukrainian.

5. There are two common methods for measuring angular velocity.

6. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian, pay attention to the meaning of words in bold:

1. The voltage dropped as low as 25 volts.

2. For methods of computing reaction see chapter on “Reactions”.

3. Again, electric energy can be converted into the heat energy by means commonly used electrical heaters.

4. Still the principles of rocketry are the same.

7. Form new words, put them in the sentences and translate.

E xample: to work + able workable

1. The information is … from many books on this specialty. (to obtain + able =)

2. She works in …. (public+ ity =)

3. There will be a penalty for late … of bills. (to pay + ment =)

4. You should … more with the other students. (social + ize =)

5. The plan has been set up to help … people. (home + less =)