Text 6 Modern Flour Milling Industry

I. Words to be remembered.

1) millstone 2) to replace 3) steel 4) roller 5) reel sifter 6) to predate 7) plansifter 8) purifier 9) ancillary 10) gradual reduction system of milling 11) advanced 12) processing 13) flow diagram 14) exception 15) ash content 16) equipment 17) capacity 18) efficiency 19) breakthrough 20) to occur 21) comprehensive 22) stage 23) to comprise 24) baked goods 25) food products 26) by-product 27) bran 28) shorts (syn. fine bran) 29) germ 30) cereal 31) feeds 32) quantity 33) consumption 34) to reflect 35) significant 36) tedious manual chore

жернов заменять, замещать сталь, стальной вращающийся цилиндр, ролик, вал, валик катушечное сито предшествовать рассевное сито ситовеечная машина, ситовейка вспомогательный, добавочный система сортового помола (зерна) продвинутый обработка, переработка технологическая схема исключение содержание золы, зольность оборудование рабочая мощность эффективность, производительность крупное научное (техническое) достижение, прорыв в науке случаться, происходить комплексный, единый стадия, уровень, этап включать в себя, состоять из… хлебобулочные изделия продукты питания побочный продукт отруби мелкие отруби, отходы зародыш кукурузные хлопья корма количество потребление отражать значимый, важный трудоемкая ручная работа

II. Read and translate the text.

Modern Flour Milling Industry

In modern flour mills, millstones have been replaced by steel rollers. Old style reel sifters have been replaced by modern plansifters. The design of purifiers has been radically improved, and many new ancillary machines have been incorporated into the milling system. The basic principles of the Gradual Reduction System of Milling are universally employed. The world's most advanced flour mills are still utilizing processing technology that was fully developed as long ago as 1930.

The flow diagrams of flour mills in all countries have been made progressively less complex over the last fifty years, with the exception of the Japanese flour milling industry, which produces exceptionally white flour of very low ash (or mineral) content. The development of the flour milling industry has been associated with advances of equipment design, which has improved operating capacity and efficiency, but no major technological breakthrough has occurred.

Flour milling is a mechanical manufacturing process which produces flour from wheat through comprehensive stages of grinding and separation. Canada's flour milling industry comprises mills which produce flour and other products for use in baked goods, biscuits, crackers, pasta and a wide range of food products.

By-products of the milling process, such as bran, shorts (fine bran) and wheat germ are used in products such as breakfast cereals but are used mainly in the production of animal feeds. Small quantities of bran and wheat germ are also required in other foods for human consumption.

Flour milling predates agricultural production; its evolution from a tedious manual chore to a highly automated, efficient and exact industrial process reflects many social changes and significant technological developments.

III. Find English equivalents.

Большое разнообразие продуктов питания; социальные изменения; важные технологические достижения; производство кормов для животных; дробление и сортировка; утомительный физический труд; использовать технологию переработки; зародыш пшеницы; развитие мукомольной промышленности.

IV. Complete and translate the sentences.

1. Industrial process reflects …

2. Byproducts of the milling industry are …

3. Flour milling predates …

4. Flour mills are still utilizing …

5. Millstones have been replaced by …

6. Japanese flour milling industry produces …

7. Many new ancillary machines have been incorporated …