Grinding the Wheat

Wheat of different grades and moistures is blended together to obtain a batch of wheat with the characteristics necessary to make the kind of flour being manufactured. For this reason the wheat may be processed in an Entoleter, a trade name for a device with rapidly spinning disks which hurl the grains of wheat against small metal pins. Those grains which crack is unsuitable for grinding are removed.

The wheat moves between two large metal rollers known as breaker rolls. These rollers are of two different sizes and move at different speeds. They also contain spiral grooves which open the grains of wheat and begin to separate the interior of the wheat from the outer layer of bran. The product of the breaker rolls passes through metal sieves to be separated into three categories.

The finest material resembles coarse flour and is known as middlings or farina. Larger pieces of the interior are known as semolina. The third category consists of pieces of the interior which are still attached to the bran. The middlings move to the middling purifier and the other materials move to another pair of breaker rolls. About four or five pairs of breaker rolls are needed to produce the necessary amount of middlings.

The middling purifier moves the middlings over a vibrating screen. Air is blown up through the screen to remove the lighter pieces of bran which are mixed with the middlings. The middlings pass through the screen to be more finely ground.

Middlings are ground into flour by pairs of large, smooth metal rollers. Each time the flour is ground it passes through sieves to be separated into flours of different fineness. These sieves are made of metal wire when the flour is coarse, but are made of nylon or silk when the flour is fine. By sifting, separating, and regrinding the flour, several different grades of flour are produced at the same time. They are combined as needed to produce the desired final products.

III. Suggest English equivalents.

Торговая марка; вращающиеся диски; разбрасывать зерно; рассматривать; неподходящий для дробления; двигаться на разных скоростях; проходить через металлическое сито; иметь сходство; производить необходимое количество муки; смешанный с мукой; получать желаемый конечный продукт.

IV. Mark the sentences as true or false.

1. Different grades of flour can be produced at the same time.

2. Spiral grooves crack the grains of wheat.

3. Sieves are made of metal wire when the flour is fine.

4. About two or three pairs of breaker rolls produca the necessary amount of middlings.

5. The middlings pass through the screen to be finely ground.

Unit III: Bread Text 1 Russian Bread

I. Words to be remembered.

1) hay-making 2) rye bread 3) consumption (to consume) 4) meat 5) average (on average) 6) food 7) straw 8) clay 9) to serve 10) cattle shed 11) weed 12) frost 13) drought 14) poor soil 15) to conquer 16) gruel 17) seed 18) to sow 19) yield 20) annual

сенокос ржаной хлеб потребление (потреблять) мясо средний (в среднем) пища, питание солома глина служить сарай, загон сорняк мороз засуха неплодородная почва завоевать жидкая (овсяная) каша зерно сеять урожай ежегодный

II. Read and translate the text.