Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«Ивановский государственный энергетический
университет имени В.И. Ленина»
Кафедра интенсивного изучения английского языка
Non-Finite Forms of the Verb
(английский язык)
Учебное пособие по курсу
«Практическая грамматика»
для студентов специальности
«Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации»
Иваново 2008
УДК 802.0
М 18
Маленкова Н.Н., Рысина А.А. Non-Finite Forms of the Verb: Учеб. пособие /ГОУВПО «Ивановский государственный энергетический университет имени В.И.Ленина». – Иваново, 2008. – 100 с.
Пособие содержит описание неличных форм английского глагола (инфинитива, герундия, причастия). В нем представлена теоретическая часть, где рассматриваются особенности употребления неличных форм в современном английском языке и разнообразные виды упражнений, обеспечивающие прочное усвоение материала.
Предназначено для студентов специальности «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации», изучающих курс «Практическая грамматика».
Табл. 8 Библиогр.: 3 назв.
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета ГОУВПО «Ивановский государственный энергетический университет имени В.И.Ленина»
Рецензент
кафедра интенсивного изучения английского языка ГОУВПО «Ивановский государственный энергетический университет имени В.И.Ленина»
Contents |
|
I |
4 |
Unit I. The Gerund……………………………………. |
6 |
Unit II. Gerundial Constructions……………………… |
28 |
Unit III. The Participle I………………………………. |
33 |
Unit IV. The Participle II……………………………... |
40 |
Unit V. Constructions with the Participle……………. |
47 |
Unit VI. Participle I or Participle II. Review Exercises. |
56 |
Unit VII. The Infinitive……………………………….. |
61 |
Unit VIII. Infinitive Constructions……………………. |
105 |
Review of Non-Finite Forms…………………………. |
126 |
ntroduction……………………………………………
Introduction
What is the difference between the finite and the non-finite verbs? The finite verbs are those that can stand alone and can form a predicate by themselves. They also change their forms in order to agree with their subject in number and person.
The teacher gives us an English lesson.
The teacher gave us an English lesson.
The non-finite verbs (the Infinitive – to give, the Gerund – giving, the Participle I – giving, the Participle II – given) cannot form predicates. We cannot say:
The teacher giving us an English lesson.
The teacher to give us an English lesson.
The teacher given us an English lesson.
The non-finites cannot agree with their subjects in number or person.
They combine characteristic features of a noun, a verb and an adjective. As verbs, the non-finites denote actions and have the grammatical categories of order, voice and aspect.
I look forward to being invited to their party (The Gerund in the Passive Voice).
Having finished reading the paper, she put it aside (The Participle I in the Perfect Order).
I like to be sitting on the beach now (The Infinitive in the Continuous Aspect).
As nouns, the non-finite verbs are names of something, and can be easily substituted by ordinary nouns. They can be governed by prepositions, just as nouns do. They can also play the role of the subject or the object in the sentence.
I like reading books (I like books) (The Gerund).
To make a mistake like this is very careless (This mistake is very careless. (The Infinitive).
As adjectives, they denote a feature or a quality of objects.
The running horse galloped down the road (The Participle I).
Brightly coloured pictures hung on the wall (The Participle II).
Unit I. The Gerund What is the Gerund? How to distinguish it from the Participle I and the Verbal Noun?
The Gerund is the non-finite form of the verb that combines features of both the verb and the noun. On the one hand, it expresses an action:
Running is my favourite sport.
I like to hear good singing.
Besides, if it is formed from a transitive verb it can take object, as ordinary verbs.
I hate losing my temper.
On the other hand, the gerunds denote the names of objects or realia. We can put ordinary nouns instead of them.
You won’t do any good by crying (by tears).
And the gerunds can be also followed by preposition, just as nouns do.
He is fond of swimming in deep water.
He crossed the room without looking at the people.
The Verbal Noun is formed with the help of an -ing ending which is added to a verb, possesses features of an ordinary noun, can be used in the singular or in the plural form and can be proceeded by an article (Participle I and Gerund never do that):
The sitting(s) of the committee will begin on Monday.
Where did they get these findings?
The Participle I is the non-finite form of the verb which is partly a verb because it is formed of verbs and expresses an action, and partly an adjective because it denotes the quality or the feature of an object. It cannot be followed by prepositions and cannot be proceeded by articles.
The woman sitting there is our teacher.
Ex.1. Determine which of the words in italics are gerunds, which are verbal nouns and which are participles I.
The retreating army took up new positions.
They hated retreating before the enemy, but by retreating they avoided capture.
Mr. Green is working in his garden.
By working he hopes to get the garden ready for sowing seeds.
We started the meeting at 5 o’clock.
Meeting somebody of good friends we say “Hallo!”
Meeting her never bored him.
Richard doesn’t like singing very much.
The girl singing on the stage now is my sister.
The loading of the ship must be started immediately.
I don’t want to force you into doing something against your will.
Doing so, you won’t achieve any progress.
How to translate the Gerund into Russian?
The Gerund can be translated into Russian by:
Noun
Reading English books every day will improve your knowledge of the language. – Ежедневное чтение английских книг улучшит ваше знание языка.
Infinitive
Does you son like skating? – Ваш сын любит кататься на коньках?
The Russian «деепричастие»
He left the room without saying good-bye. – Он вышел из комнаты, не простившись.
Verb
I remember hearing this song in my childhood. – Я помню, что слышал эту песню в детстве.
Subordinate clause
The patients’ quick recovery depends on their following the doctor’s advice. - Быстрое выздоровление больных зависит от того, будут ли они следовать советам врача.
Ex.2. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
Swimming against the current was difficult.
Thinking always made him sleepy.
Your voice is like a croak and croaking is of course the most musical sound in the world.
It’s no use talking like that to me.
I guessed what he had intended asking me.
She took my hand and kept on laughing.
On entering the hall he saw that there were only a few people there.
The book must not be published without being looked through by the author.
In spite of being a very bright pupil this time he could not cope with the task.
This side of the house was used for dancing.
We had been right in thinking that the original structure dated back to some time before 1066.
The letter was written for making him keep silence.