Субъектный причастный оборот

(Complex Subject)

Существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение (в именительном падеже)

сказуемое

Причастие I или Причастие II

Этот оборот употребляется после глаголов, выражающих восприятие.

Например: The pupils were heard speaking about their finals. – Слышали, как ученики разговаривали о выпускных экзаменах.

The teacher was seen surrounded by the pupils. – Видели, как ученики окружили учителя.

Абсолютный причастный оборот

(The Absolute Participial Construction)

Существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение (this, it) или there.

Причастие I или Причастие II

На русский язык данный оборот переводится придаточным предложением с союзами так как, после того как, если, когда. Если оборот стоит в конце предложения, то переводим его самостоятельным предложением с союзами а, причём, в то время как.

Например: The weather being fine, we went for a walk. – Так как погода была хорошая, мы отправились на прогулку.

My mother was cooking dinner, my sister helping her. – Моя мама готовила обед, а сестра помогала ей.

Упражнения для закрепления грамматики:

Exercise 1. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания.

a) a smiling girl, playing children, a writing boy, a falling tree, a laughing baby, a sleeping man, a walking couple, reading audience, a running sportsman, a developing country, a crying child, a burning house.

b) a broken cup, a translated text, an unanswered letter, an opened window, a closed door, an occupied room, a written letter, a fallen tree, a discussed problem, produced goods, a cooked dinner, a surprised man, lighted windows, a developed country.

Exercise 2. Определите форму и функцию причастия в следующих предложениях. Переведите их на русский язык.

1. This is the book so much spoken about.

2. The method followed by our scientists was not simple.

3. Having found no one at home he went to his neighbours.

4. The letter lying on the table must be posted.

5. If asked he will explain you everything.

6. We came up to the crying girl to ask where her mother was.

7. I saw him working in the garden.

8. I heard the children speaking in the next room.

9. We saw an old woman coming towards us and heard her asking for help.

10. The weather being awful, I stayed at home and heard the rain beating on the windows.

11. He turned and went out, we followed him.

12. She sat silent, with her eyes fixed on the ground.

13. The children were seen running to the river.

14. The flight to Moscow was heard announced.

15. The pupils were heard discussing this problem with the teacher.

16. We had our TV set repaired yesterday.

17. I want my hair cut.

Exercise 3. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив причастия в функции определения.

Образец: The man who is reading a book is my father. - The man reading a book is my father.

1. I took the newspaper which was lying on the table.

2. The house which is being built opposite my house is a modern nine-storeyed building.

3. The books which have been written by Picul are read with interest.

4. The pupil who is being asked by the teacher is Pavlov.

5. The car which is parked in front of the house is mine.

Exercise 4. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив причастия в функции обстоятельства времени, причины.

Образец: As he was busy he refused an invitation. – Being busy he refused an invitation.

1. As he was late he had to excuse himself.

2. As he had spent all the money he decided to go home.

3. When they were going home they met their teacher.

4. While he was translating the text, he wrote out new words.

5. After they had visited the museum they decided to have a cup of coffee.

6. The girl entered the room and didn’t lock it.

Exercise 5. Объедините следующие предложения, употребив нужную форму причастия.

Образец: He was ill. He had to stay at home. – Being ill he had to stay at home.

1. I knew that he was poor. I offered him a room.

2. She didn’t want to listen to the story again. She had heard it before.

3. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking.

4. I had looked through the fashion magazine. I realized that my clothes were out of date.

5. She turned on the light. She was surprised at what she saw.

6. I fed the dog. I sat down to my own dinner.

7. I sat in the front row. I saw everything beautifully.

8. She was singing a song. I heard it.

Exercise 6. Употребите следующие пословицы в кратких ситуациях.

1. If you want a thing well done, do it yourself.

2. Danger foreseen is half avoided.

3. Seldom seen, soon forgotten.

4. Rats desert a sinking ship.

5. Let sleeping dog lie.

Exercise 7. Употребите одну из форм причастия, герундия и инфинитива.

a) 1) (be) a foreigner she couldn’t get accustomed to our life for a long time.

2. (live) abroad for many years, he speaks English without a foreign accent.

3. (know) everything about this man, we couldn’t trust him.

4. I didn’t notice a letter (lie) on the table.

5. The article (publish) in the latest issue of the local newspaper carries an interesting material for the young people.

b) 1) I am sorry for (be late).

2) I enjoy (spend) my week-ends on the bank of the river near the forest (gather) berries and mushrooms.

3. Is the American screen version of the novel “War and Peace” worth (see)?

4. The students finished (discuss) the question of their (go) abroad in summer but still couldn’t stop (argue).

5. I can’t help (feel) sorry for animals (live) in the Zoo.

c) 1) (read) English books in the original is a real pleasure for me.

2) My aim is (graduate) from the University successfully and (become) a good specialist.

3) (pass) the exams well I have (work) hard during the term.

4. I am sorry (keep) you waiting.

5. I meant (go) there but I couldn’t.

d) 1) I wish (see) the manager.

2) It’s no use (wait).

3) I’m looking forward to (see) you.

4) Don’t forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed.

5) My mother told me (not, speak) to anyone about it.

6) He tried (explain) but she didn’t want (listen).

7) Would you mind (show) me how the lift works?

8) I’m beginning (understand) what you mean.

9) The boys like (play) tennis but hate (do) lessons.

10) He surprised us all by (go) away without (say) “Good-bye”.

11) Please, go on (write), I don’t mind (wait).

12) The doctor advised him (give up) (smoke).

13) I prefer (drive) to (be driven).

14) I advise you (start) (look) for a flat at once.

15) After (discuss) the matter for an hour the committee left without (reach) any decision.

16) Most people prefer (spend) money to (earn) it.

17) It’s not good for children (eat) too many sweets.

Exercise 8. Употребите одну из неличных форм: инфинитив, герундий или причастие.

1. He offered (lend) me the money. I didn’t like (take) it but I had no other way out.

2. What was in the letter? - I don’t know. I didn’t want (open) it as it wasn’t addressed to me.

3. Try (avoid) (be) late. He hates (be) kept (wait).

4. He heard the clock striking seven and knew it was time for him (get up).

5. I can hear the bell (ring) but nobody seems (be coming) (open) the door.

6. Did you advise him (go) to the police? – No, I didn’t like (give) any advice on such a difficult matter.

7. I’m not used to (drive) on the left.

8. It’s pleasant (sit) by the fire at night and (hear) the wind (blow) outside.

9. It’s no use (write) to him, he never answers letters. The only thing (do) is (go) and (see) him.

10. Ask him (come) in. Don’t keep him (stand) at the door.

Exercise 9. Подчеркните и определите конструкции с неличными формами глагола. Переведите предложения.

1. The English being conservative, many old traditions are still observed in England.

2. Their address having been lost, we couldn’t write them about this news.

3. On leaving the house I saw my bus approaching and hurried not to miss it.

4. I have never heard her play the piano so wonderfully.

5. Shakespeare’s works are known to be translated into many languages of the world.

6. It’s for him to solve this problem.

7. Our taking part in the English conference helped us greatly to improve our knowledge of the language.