Internet, Networking, and Distributed Services

Microsoft provides a rich set of technologies for creating client/server applications for local area networks (LAN), intranets, the Internet, and other distributed services.

Microsoft SNA Server provides communication with legacy (имеющий права) systems. It provides the following interfaces for Common Programming Interface for Communications (CPI-C) and Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (APPC).

The Net and WNet functions provide basic network operations on Windows. The Net functions enable you to manage groups, local groups, users, sessions, and shares. The WNet functions arc a network-independent interface for managing network connections.

Remote Access Service (RAS) lets you work from a remote computer as if you were directly connected to the network. RAS functions display RAS common dialog boxes, start and end RAS connections, and provide RAS information (status and configuration). Server-side support includes administration, security, and connection management.

Windows Sockets is an interface that provides protocol-independent network communication. It is based on the sockets paradigm (образец гнезд, панелей) popularized by Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX. It provides high-performance and compatibility with legacy code and systems. The Windows Sockets interface is preferred (отдавать предпочтение) over technologies such as Network DDE or NetBIOS.

Distributed COM and Remote Procedure Call (RPC) are high-level interfaces implemented on sockets. They are preferred over using sockets directly. RPC provides a layer of code that manages network communication

for you. Distributed COM defines how to build software components that can communicate from different computers. Distributed COM is the preferred method of network IPC for client/server applications.

Directory Services features include replication, schema, and naming. OLE DS enables you to programmatically access directory services from any vendor.

The Microsoft Message Queue (MSMQ) connects worldwide corporate resources and maximizes information flow. Its asynchronous model provides better performance and scalability (возможность изменять масштаб) than synchronous methods, such as sockets and RPC. Delivery (подача, выдача) is guaranteed, but not when the message will be delivered. MSMQ functions are protocol independent and work in a heterogeneous network. They allow you to manage message queues and send and receive messages.

The Distributed File System (DFS) enables you to create a single directory tree from an unlimited number of file servers and shares. This centralizes management of information. Users can find information without knowledge of where it is physically stored. DFS provides better data availability, through the use of volume alternates (переменный), load balancing, and fault-tolerance (отказоустойчивость). The DFS API enables you to programmatically access DFS capabilities (средства).

The Win32 Internet Server API (ISAPI) allows you to easily create dynamic data for your Web sites. Filters allow you to enhance (усилить) your Web server with encryption (кодирование, шифрование) and authentication (подлинность). One example of a high-performance ISAPI application is Active Server Pages.

Active Server Pages allows you to include dynamic content on your Web site. You can embed scripts (written in any language that supports ActiveX Scripting) and components in your Web pages to create browser-independent active pages. You can use the components provided with Active Server Pages to access HTTP request information and to build HTTP responses. You can maintain user and application state on the server so that you can follow a user's progress through your Web site. You can also make your server or client application an automation controller.

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