- •Предисловие
- •Anatomy and physiology
- •Lexical Minimum I Regions of the Body – Части тела Front - Спереди
- •Back - Сзади
- •First Aid
- •General principles of first aid aboard ship
- •Если пострадавший в сознании
- •Если пострадавший в бессознательном состоянии
- •Basic life support: artificial respiration and heart compression
- •History –taking
- •2. Remember the following expressions
- •Information to have ready when requesting Radio Medical Advice
- •In case of illness
- •1. Routine particulars about the ship
- •8. Other comments
- •In case of injury
- •1. Routine particulars about the ship
- •8. Other comments
- •Burns and Scalds
- •Heat burns and scalds
- •Electrical burns
- •Chemical Splashes
- •4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English
- •Abdominal pain
- •Закрытая травма живота
- •Indigestion
- •Intestinal colic
- •Intestinal obstruction
- •Infectious diseases
- •Malaria
- •Yellow Fever
- •Dysentery
- •Fractures
- •2. Remember the following expressions Types of fractures
- •Предполагаемый перелом
- •Internal Bleeding
- •Unit 10
- •Toxic hazards of chemicals
- •Diagnosis of poisoning
- •Prevention of poisoning
- •Food-borne diseases (food poisoning)
- •Treatment
- •Prevention
- •Botulism
- •Отравления
- •Additional texts (Home Reading) Headache
- •Common causes
- •Less common causes
- •Heart pain and heart failure
- •Specific treatment
- •Coronary thrombosis (myocardial infarction)
- •Heat exposure
- •Hernia (rupture)
- •High blood pressure (hypertension)
- •High temperature (hyper pyrexia)
- •Sore throat
- •Stroke and paralysis (cerebrovascular accident)
- •Medical care of castaways and rescued persons
- •Survivor pick-up by survival craft (lifeboat or raft)
- •Immediate medical problems aboard survival craft
- •Contamination with oil
- •Dehydration and malnutrition
- •Список использованной литературы
- •98309 Г. Керчь, Орджоникидзе, 82.
Specific treatment
Pain can be relieved by sucking (not swallowing) a tablet of glyceryl trinitrate (0.5 mg). The tablet should be allowed to dissolve slowly under the tongue. These tablets can be used as often as necessary and are best taken when the patient gets any symptoms indicating a possible attack of angina. Tell the patient to remove any piece of the tablet that may be left when the pain has subsided, since glyceryl trinitrate can cause a throbbing headache.
If the patient is emotional or tense and anxious, give him 5 mg of diazepam at equal intervals, three times daily during waking hours, and, if he is sleepless, 10 mg at bedtime. The patient should continue to rest and take the above drugs as needed until he sees a doctor at the next port.
Warning. Sometimes angina pectoris appears abruptly and without exertion or emotion, even when the person is resting. This form of angina is often due to a threatened or very small coronary thrombosis and should be treated as such, as should any attack of anginal pain lasting for longer than 10 minutes.
Frequent easily provoked attacks often precede a myocardial infarction. RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE should always be obtained in such cases. Evacuation of the patient should be arranged as soon as possible.
Read and translate the text
Tell what should be done in case of heart pain and heart failure
Coronary thrombosis (myocardial infarction)
A heart attack happens suddenly and while the patient is at rest more frequently than during activity. The four main features are pain of similar distribution to that in angina, shortness of breath, vomiting, and a degree of collapse that may be severe. Sweating, nausea, and a sense of impending death are often associated features.
The pain varies in degree from mild to agonizing, but it is usually severe. The patient is often very restless and tries unsuccessfully to find a position that might ease the pain. Shortness of breath may be severe, and the skin is often grey with a blue tinge, cold, and covered in sweat. Vomiting is common in the early stage and may increase the state of collapse.
In mild attacks, the only symptom may be a continuing anginal type of pain with perhaps slight nausea. It is not unusual for the patient to believe mistakenly that he is suffering from a sudden attack of severe indigestion.
General treatment
The patient must rest at once, preferably in bed, in whatever position is most comfortable until he can be taken to hospital. Exertion of any kind must be forbidden and the nursing attention for complete bed rest provided. Restlessness, often a prominent feature, is usually manageable if adequate pain relief is given. Most patients prefer to lie back propped up by pillows, but some prefer to lean forward in a sitting position to assist breathing. An hourly record of temperature, pulse, and respiration should be kept. Smoking and alcohol should be forbidden.
Specific treatment
Whatever the severity of the attack, it is best to give all cases an initial dose of morphine, 15 mg intramuscularly, at once. If the patient is anxious or tense, give diazepam, 5 mg three times a day, until he can be placed under medical supervision. In serious or moderate attacks, give a further 15 mg of morphine, intramuscularly, 3-4 hours after the initial injection. The injection may be repeated every 4-6 hours as required for pain relief. Get RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE.
Specific problems in heart attacks
If the pulse rate is less than 60 per minute, give the patient atropine 1 mg intramuscularly, and raise the legs. The dose should be repeated after 4 hours, if the pulse rate remains less than 60 per minute. However, should a repeat dose become necessary, get RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE.
If the heart stops beating, get the patient on to a hard flat surface and give heart compression and artificial respiration at once.
If there is obvious breathlessness the patient should sit up. If this problem is associated with noisy, wet breathing and coughing give one 40-mg furosemide tablet, restrict fluids, start a fluid balance chart, and get RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE.
Read and translate the text.
Discuss the reasons of myocardial infarction