III. After you read

1. Find the English equivalents to the following phrases in the text.

1. надавати можливість відволіктися від повсякденного розпорядку;

2. орган захисту прав студента;

3. палиця на два кінці;

4. посилювати почуття спільності;

5. безкінечна гонка озброєнь;

6. ставлення, що занадто наголошує на перемозі;

7. підтримувати/вболівати за спортивну команду своєї школи;

8. відвідувати зустріч випускників

2. Read the text; fill in the gaps with the prepositions where necessary. Greek-letter societies

Traditionally, during the fall of each academic year, students interested ….. becoming members of a fraternity or sorority participate ….. rush. During this time, students get acquainted …. different Greek-letter organizations. At the end of the rush period, organizations extend invitations …… membership, known as bids. If the students accept a bid, they are said to be “pledged” to that organization and are known as pledges or probationary members. ……. the probationary period—which may last ……….. a few days ……… several months—pledges learn about the history, traditions, and ideals of the fraternity. At the end of this period, a special ceremony of initiation takes place. Hazing is the practice of initiating pledges ……….fraternity membership by having them perform difficult, humiliating, or dangerous tasks. Examples include requiring pledges to drink excessive quantities of alcohol, consume large quantities of food, or submit …… beatings with a paddle. Deaths and serious injuries attributed ….. hazing have prompted most states to enact laws specifically prohibiting it.

NB

3. Consider the suggested translations.

FRATERNITY - cтудентське братство;

SORORITY – жіноча студентська організація;

RUSH – змагання, сутички між студентами 1-2 курсів за право вступу до братства;

BID – запрошення до членства в братстві;

PLEDGE – студент, який дав обіцянку вступити до братства;

HAZING – випробний період для студента, який дав обіцянку вступити до братства, що передбачає виконання тяжких, часто нерозумних та принизливих завдань протягом певного часу до офіційного прийняття до братства.

Fraternity Members

Members of the Epsilon Alpha Mu fraternity ride through the campus of Bucknell College in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania

4. Think of one word from the text to fit into each of the gaps. Do not overlook polysemy.

Group 1.

1. She ran after the dog, lost her…………….., and fell flat on her face.

2. The biological …………….. is upset by over-intensive farming.

3. The question caught him off ……………, and he didn't know what to say.

4. Try to keep a …………… between studies and leisure.

Group 2.

1. Our ………….greeted us at the door.

2. Which country is going to …………… the next World Cup?

3. Leno replaced Johnny Carson as ……………. of "The Tonight Show."

4. The gallery is playing ………….. to an exhibition of sculpture.

Group 3.

1. He makes his football ……………..debut tomorrow.

2. While still in his middle twenties, he was offered a teaching position at an Ivy ………… university.

3. They're not in the same ………… as the French at making wine.

4. Britain lags behind its competitors in every measure and is bottom of the ………… table.

Group 4.

1. Searching luggage at airports is now ………………practice.

2. These figures clearly show the difference in world living …………….

3. Students have to reach a certain ……………….. or they won't pass.

4. T his kind of governmental double ……………towards minorities survived until the passing of the Race Relations Act in 1965.