- •Lesson 1. Civil engineering
- •2. A few explanations to the text
- •5. Word construction (Different ways to construct words)
- •1. Read the text
- •3. Read, translate and memorise the following:
- •Lesson 2. From the history of building
- •2. A few explanations to the text
- •9. Find in the text equivalent English phrases to the fol- lowing Russian
- •16. Translate into English.
- •6. General understanding. Answer the guestions to the text
- •8. Phonetic drill. Mind the pronunciation of the following words with the italicized letters
- •15. Translate the sentences with the construction "there is/are, etc".
- •Lesson 4. Some building professions
- •Lesson 5. Modern building materials
- •14. Form participle I of the following, verbs and translate them into Russian
- •15. Form participle и of the following verbs and translate them into Russian
- •18. Translate the sentences and state the functions of the Participles
- •Impermeability.
- •Lesson 6. Modern building materials
- •Let's Revise the Grammar (see Grammar Appendix p.P. 237-239)
- •Essential Grammar: (see Grammar Appendix p.P. 190-192)
- •Lesson 9. Air-conditioning
- •Essential Grammar: (see Grammar Appendix p.P. 233-237)
- •Lesson 10. Architecture: its forms and functions
- •Essential Grammar: (see Grammar Appendix p.P. 192-196)
- •Cummulative review test
- •Essential Grammar: (see Grammar Appendix p.P. 229-232)
- •Cumulative review test
- •1. Coffee-processing and food-packaging factory in Lagos.
- •In the Competitive Construction Industry
- •5. Explain the meaning of the words
- •8. Home reading. For further reading on the given topic we recommend Supplementary text
- •Explain the role of a construction manager and his/her (their) duties.
- •Explain how the proper management process makes a construction company quite competitive
- •Lesson 16. Capable management
2. A few explanations to the text
1... .pyramid of Khufu ['ku'fu:] — пирамида Хуфу
2. ...to withstand the Thames current. — ...чтобы противостоять течению Темзы.
.. .but mention was made of it in the writings of architects from time to time — но время от времени можно встретить упоминание об этом в работах архитекторов.
They were the first to use... — они первыми использовали 5 . . . .on a pretty large scale— в довольно широких масштабах
5. Key vocabulary /expressions
art of building — искусство строить brick [brik] — n кирпич
borrow ['borou] — v (from) занимать, заимствовать concrete ['konkrit] — n бетон, dome [doum] — n купол
dwell [dwel] — v жить, проживать embody [im'bodi] — v олицетворять, воплощать erect fi'rekt] —v возводить, строить find jfaind] — v (out) обнаружить, найти kiln [kiln] — n обжиговая печь, сушильная печь pile [pail] — n свая, столб pillar fpils] — n столб, колонна remains [ri' meinz] — л pi остатки, руины tribe [traib]— n племя
4. Phonetic drill
4.1. Read the words paying attention to deferent pronouncia-tion of letter combination ea [e] weather, measure, health, ahead, leather, instead [ei] great, break, steak, streak [i:] team, means, beam, cheap, easy, weak, leave [i э] theatre, realize, appearence, weary, dreary [i'ei] permeate, create, delineate
4. 2. Mind the pronunciation of the following words with the italicized silent letters
tomb[tu:m], bomb[boum], lambpasm], limbflim], р1итЬ[р1лт] listenflisn], christen['kraisn], fasten[fa:sn], often[o:fn], soften['sofn]
thistle[0isl], mistletoe ['misltou], castle[ka:sl], apostlefa'posl] gnome[noum], gnujnu:], gnarled[na:ld], gnashfnaej], gnawerfno: з]
4. 3. Explain the pronounciation of letter combination wh in each line
which, why, whelm, whammy who, whole, whom, whose
5. Translate the extract into Russian
The term "civil engineering" is usually applied to such activities as the excavation and then the construction of different buildings, bridges, roads, docks, harbours and embankments as well as to the water control by dams and reservoirs, canals and aqueducts, pipelines and the reclamation of land. By the way: What does the international word "reclamation" mean here? Explain it in the most detailed way in Russian.
6. Learn to recognize international words. Give Russian equivalents to the following words without a dictionary
harmony [Ъатаэш] |
reservoirf rezavwa:] |
tradition [tra'dijn] |
manufacture [manju'fsektjs] |
decoration [deka reijn] |
fragment [fraegmant] |
aqueduct ['aekwidAk] |
method [rme03d] |
idea[ai 'dis] |
period['pi3ri3d] |
tank [tasrjk] |
strusture ['strAktJa] |
position [ps'zijn] |
arch ['a:tj] |
7. Find the corresponding Russian meaning of the international words given above in ex.5. Start compiling your own vocabulary of international words.
ex. business [Tbiznis]
бизнес, торговля, коммерческая деятельность
коммерческое, торговое предприятие, фирма
(выгодная) сделка
дело, занятие, профессия
8. Explain in English the meaning of the following words:
sun-dried mud bricks
timber piles
pseudo concrete
the ruins of Pompeii
harmony and pure beauty