Information Security

1. Whether your data is erased by a vengeful employee, a random virus, an unexpected bug, or a lightning strike – the data is still gone.

2. Data are frequently ranked in computer files according to degree of confidentiality.

3. The Data Encryption Standard designed by IBM involves a number of basic encrypting procedures that are then repeated several times.

4. A subnet administrator should be appointed when a subnet is created.

5. Intruders used to target government and academic organizations that will be embarrassed by the break-in.

6. The managers of individual systems must know that they are responsible for security and that their contribution to network security is recognized and appreciated.

7. Trojans are probably the most dangerous unwelcome guests because they are actually compiled by yourself thinking you have the latest version of a system utility.

8. Throughout the book mechanisms and methods of using them will be presented to decide which mechanisms are right for you.

9. These systems are found in use on web servers, guards, database servers, and management hosts.

10. These are very powerful security tools and very few secure operating systems have been certified at the highest level (Orange Book A-1) to operate over the range of "Top Secret" to "unclassified".

11. This capability is enabled because the configuration not only imposes a security policy, but in theory completely protects itself from corruption.

12. While such secure operating systems are possible and have been implemented, most commercial systems fall in a 'low security' category because they rely on features not supported by secure operating systems.

13. For various historical reasons, capabilities have been mostly restricted to research operating systems and commercial OSs still use ACLs.

14. Usernames and passwords are slowly being replaced with more sophisticated authentication mechanisms.

15. Important industry sector regulations have also been included when they have a significant impact on information security.

16. Computer code is regarded by some as just a form of mathematics.

17. Most of this information is now collected, processed and stored on electronic computers and transmitted across networks to other computers.

18. None of these ultra-high assurance secure general purpose operating systems have been produced for decades or certified under the Common Criteria.

19. After a person, program or computer has successfully been identified and authenticated then it must be determined what informational resources they are permitted to access and what actions they will be allowed to perform (run, view, create, delete, or change). This is called authorization.

Economics

1. Managers should periodically check to see how well comprehensive company goals detailed in the planning phase are being met.

2. On this view emerging markets are being seen less as attractive investment opportunities, more as a reason to believe that the globalization of labor and product markets can forever stop workers and firms from raising wages and prices.

3. Much time is wasted by some managers on tasks that are not important or that could be done as well by someone else.

4. Costs are also classified differently depending on the type of organization involved that is, merchandising, service, or manufacturing.

5. Marketing communications can be categorized along two basic dimensions: (1) messages that are transmitted via the mass media versus those that are communicated person-to-person, and (2) messages in which the source is clearly identified as the marketer, and messages whose origins are unclear or are assumed to come from objective third parties.

6. In June the Bank Rate was raised to 6% and the banks were called upon to make further special deposits.

7. This book is intended for the general reader who would like to have some grasp of what economics is and what makes the economy stick.

8. Person who purchases shares of stock is known as a stockholder or shareholder.

9. The financial condition of a company is neglected in its financial statements.

10. A relationship that is based solely on so many hours of work for so many pounds in wages does not bring out the best in a man. He must feel that he does a work that is worth doing.

11. Government officials are paid with the tax money.

12. The principle that men and women should receive equal pay for work of equal value was postulated in Great Britain as long as 1919.

13. In calculating wage rates, the workers’ skill and experience are taken into account.

14. The sooner the unification of exchange rates is completed, the more smoothly the companies will adapt to new market conditions.

15. The economic laws are known to be universal.

16. The denomination of the local currency had been carried out before a decision on merging the two currencies was passed.

17. Money is any token or other object that functions as a medium of exchange that is socially and legally accepted in payment.

18. A user is issued credit after an account has been approved by the credit provider, and is given a credit card, with which the user will be able to make purchases from merchants accepting that credit card up to a pre-established credit limit.

19. It is believed that the rise of irrigation and urbanization, especially in ancient Sumer and later Egypt, unified the ideas of wealth and control of land and agriculture.

20. Often at individual levels, variables such as supply and demand, which are independent, are (allegedly wrongly) assumed to be independent also at aggregate level. This criticism has been applied to many central theories of neoclassical economics.

21. Ecological economics has been popularized by ecologist and University of Vermont Professor Robert Costanza, who founded the International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE) and carried out much of the founding research while at the University of Maryland.

22. Ecological economists are inclined to acknowledge that much of what is important in human well-being is not analyzable from a strictly economic standpoint and suggests an interdisciplinary approach combining social and natural sciences as a means to address this.