Grammar in Use

Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences with Participle 1

1. We were demonstrated an operating engine. 2. Designing new systems we can use electronic computers. 3. Having finished the experiment the engineers started a series of new tests. 4. A barometer is an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure. 5. Metals being used in industry in the form of alloys have better properties than pure metals. 6. Having made many experiments scientists proved that electricity had an anatomic character. 7. A neutron is a particle having the same mass as a proton but carrying no electrical charge. 8. While heating and cooling a metal we improve its mechanical properties.

Exercise 13. Translate the following sentences with Participle 11

1. The automobile begins its life in the fully mechanized assembly department. 2. The area of the car works built on the Dnopro river is almost 1000 hectares. 3. The car are going through special tests called “the Belgian road” and the washboard road. 4. The result obtained were carefully studied. 5. When frozen, water is a colourless solid known as ice. 6. The steering system used has been tested by the research engineers of the safety device laboratory. 7. When assembled the car undergoes various tests. 8.Unless improved this device must not be used in automatic lines.

Exercise 14. State the functions of the words ending -ing and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. Strengthening raises the service life of machine parts. We can raise the service life of machine parts by strengthening them. The technology of strengthening machine parts is called strengthening treatment. Different methods are used for strengthening machine parts.

2. Automatic systems designing new machines help the designing engineer to solve many difficult problems. Designing includes a number of criteria. Designing new machines the designer has to solve various engineering problems.

3. The industry producing all types of machines and mechanisms is called machine-building. Producing new generations of machines and equipment increases productivity. Producing new generations of machines and equipment experts find ways for the application of advanced technologies.

Exercise 15. State the functions of the words ending -ed and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. The Internet is a great place to find and hear hit songs, movies and recorded interviews. 2. The applications of laser in industry and science are known to be numerous and varied. 3. The electric car was not used until the 1970s, where there were serious problems with the availability of oil. 4. Iron and steel are both produced from iron ore. 5. The steel produced by our plant is of high quality. 6.For very low-temperature work gases are the only substances that can be used. 7. Our laboratory will be provided with all the necessary instruments. 8. The instruments provided by our plant are very accurate. 9.This plant provided a great number of accurate instruments last year. 10. The automatic space station created provides important information on space.

Exercise 16. Rewrite the following sentences as in the models and translate them into Ukrainian.

Model 1. Many commercial vehicles have different engines which is called a diesel engine.

Mane commercial vehicles have a different engines called a diesel engine.

A stroke is the distance which is travelled by the piston in its cylinder. 2. In many engines, the gas which is used is a mixture of petrol and air. 3. Devices that are designed and build by engineers are used in the search for basic information. 4. More and more engineers are members of scientific teams that are involved not only in the development of workable machines and systems but in all research. 5. The scientific method is the method which is used by scientists in making scientific discoveries.

Model 2. There is an inlet valve which allows fuel mixture into the cylinder.

There is an inlet valve allowing fuel mixture into the cylinder.

1. The two valves which control the gas flow are at the top of the cylinder. 2. Rings which prevent oil from entering the tip of the cylinder are fitted round the piston. 3. Mechanical engineering is a very wide field which includes a great variety of specialists. 4. Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with machines and their uses. 5. The science that deals with problems of control is known as cybernetics.

Exercise 17. A. Make up the Participle 1 (Indefinite, Active) of the following verbs and translate them into Ukraine.

To build, to grow, to think, to bring, to determine, to follow, to move, to refuse, to obtain, to contain, to produce, to use, to include, to offer, to enter, to get, to happen, to carry, to teach, to tell, to make, to begin, to happen, to carry, to teach, to tell, to make, to begin, to keep, to divide, to return, to develop, to save, to delivery, to supply, to load, to provide, to monitor, to receive, to transact, to do.

B. Make up the Participle П of the following verbs and translate them into Ukrainian.

To find, to send, to throw, to add, to change, to keep, to take, to save, to maintain, to install, to consider, to burn, to achieve, to show, to develop, to decide, to receive, to leave, to equip, to divide, to return, to write, to read, to make, to do, to give, to see, to say, to speak.

Exercise 18. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the Absolute Participle Complex.

1. Weather permitting we’ll deliver the lot in time. 2. The inventory having been drawn up, the employees went home. 3. She being highly-qualified specialist, we offered her a job in our company. 4. The replenishment order having been delivered, we informed our customers that the goods are available for sale. 5. The tonnage having not been provided in sufficient quantities, we failed to dispatch the goods in time. 6. There being no other traffic, the driver can maintain a constant speed of, say, 90 km/hr (kilometers per hour) 7. Part of energy being changed into heat, is transformed into electric energy. 8. Transistors being very sensitive to light, engineers use this property.9 There are several branches of the metalworking industry, foundry being one of the most important ones. 10. The first metals used by men were gold, silver and cooper, these metals being found in nature in the native or metallic state.