Additional reading Filling stations in Ukraine

Unfortunately, sometimes the gasoline and diesel fuel quality is far from perfect. That is why we would like to advice the Ukrainian roads travellers not to refuel with the cheapest gasoline and diesel fuel at the small filling stations, whose brand you do not know. The filling stations in Ukraine, which sell the gasoline and diesel fuel brought from Europe (Baltic, Polish, Romanian and so on) has the fuel of higher quality. They include Оkkо, WOG, Shell. The filling stations which sell the Russian fuel have somewhat lower quality. The most reliable are ТNК, Lukoil, ANP.

Depending on the location of the filling stations in Ukraine (in large cities, towns or in the central streets of the capital), the quality of fuel and service can differ. The price can range in 15%. The average price of А95 gasoline in Ukraine is $1.25.

One more thing: cash settlements between the State Automobile Inspectorate and drivers are forbidden in Ukraine, for example to pay the fine for traffic rules violation. You can do it in any bank branch within 10 days after administrative protocol issuance.

If you are planning a trip to Ukraine in your own car we would be happy to help you to arrange such tour, providing you the necessary information and tips concerning the traveling in the Ukrainian roads.

Task 1. Read and translate the text .

Task 2.Indentify the main points of the text and discuss them with your fellow-students.

Task 3.Work with partner and make up a dialog on the text.

Unit 8

Text Study: Transportation Policy in Ukraine

Additional text: Ukrainian traffic rules

Grammar: Objective Infinitive Construction

Subjective Infinitive Construction

Text Study

1. Pre-reading exercises.

Exercise 1.Practice connected reading. Translate the following word-combinations .

Transportation policy, transportation systems, transportation technologies, world transportation system, basic tasks, long-term goals, branch of industry, the availability of passenger transfers, freight shipments, railway station, social-economic conditions, foreign and domestic market, international law.

Exercise 2. Memories the essential vocabulary and translate the sentences containing it.

1.transit time -- час перевезення. Transit time is one week.

2.transportation management - управління процесом перевезення вантажів. Transportation management reflects the procedures aimed at successful transportation of loads.

3.value-of-service strategy – стратегія визначення вартості послуги на основі попиту. Value-of service strategy is one of the most important strategies in logistical process.

4.work-in-process (WIP) – незавершене виробництво, частково виконана робота. Ma­nufacturer 's commitment includes work-in-process.

5. stowability -- сумісність продукту і транспортного засобу за розміром. Stowability shows how a load fits into transportation equipment

6.product density - концентрація продукції. Product density of this good is high in the region.

7. score – межі, рамки. Confusion exists concerning the appropriate score of what constitutes a supply chain and to what extent it involves integration with other companies as contrasted to internal operations.

8. sophistication -- удосконалення, покращення. Financial sophistication will continue, for the foreseeable future, to drive supply chain structure and strategy initiatives across most industries.

9. strategy – стратегія. Logistics best practice is presented as a work in progress, subject to continuous change based on the evolving nature of supply chain structure and strategy.

10.synergy -- спільні зусилля, спільна діяльність. Value results from the synergy among firms comprising the supply chain with respect to five critical flows: information, product, service, finance and knowledge.

Exercise 3 .Read the following international words and give their all possible Ukrainian equivalents.

Transportation, policy, integration, transportation, systems, national, information, reorganization, station, business, transportation, technologies, transit, investment activity, organization, problem of passenger.