МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ ТА НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

ДВНЗ «Київський національний економічний університет ім.В.Гетьмана»

Криворізький економічний інститут

МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ

до вивчення усних розмовних тем

з курсу “Ділова англійська мова”

для студентів ІІІ-ІV курсів з/в

фаху “Міжнародна економіка”

Кривий Ріг

2009

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ ТА НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

ДВНЗ «Київський національний економічний університет ім.В.Гетьмана»

Криворізький економічний інститут

МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ

до вивчення усних розмовних тем

з курсу “Ділова англійська мова”

для студентів ІІІ-ІV курсів з/в

фаху “Міжнародна економіка”

Затверджено

на засіданні кафедри

укр. та іноземних мов

факультету МЕіП

Протокол №10 від 21.05.09.

Кривий Ріг

2009

Методичні вказівки до вивчення усних розмовних тем з курсу “Англійська мова” для студентів ІІ курсу фаху “Міжнародна економіка”. – Кривий Ріг, КЕІ КНЕУ. – 2009 р.,- 20 с.

Укладач: ст. викладач Братанич О.Г.

За заг. редакцією: завідувача кафедри, д.п.н., проф. Скидана С.О.

Рецензент: к.п.н., доцент Мирошниченко Н.О.

Відповідальний за випуск: проф. Скидан С.О.

List of Topics

1. Trading ………………………………………………………… 1

2. Exporting ………………………………………………………. 3

3. Marketing And Promotion …………………………………….. 5

4. Pricing And Sales ……………………………………………… 7

5. Agents ………………………………………………………….. 9

6. Working Conditions ………………………………………….. 11

7. International Trade And Exchange …………………………… 13

8. Company Formation ………………………………………….. 15

9. Trade Restrictions…………………………………………….. 17

10. Methods Of Payment………………………………………... 19

Trading

Торговля

Firm — фирма

business - бизнес, предприятие

to go into business — начинать (открывать) бизнес

to go out of business — прекращать бизнес

company — компания

to expand — расширяться, расширять деятельность

expansion — расширение

manufacturer — производитель

manufacturing company – компания производитель

to produce — производить

production — производство

products — продукция, изделия

goods — товары

to sell — продавать

quantity — количество

bulk — крупная партия (товара)

wholesale — оптовый

wholesaler (wholesale distributor) — оптовое торговое предприятие, оптовый торговець

to buy in bulk, to buy wholesale — покупать оптом

retailer — розничное торговое предприятие, розничный торговец

to sell retail — продавать в розницу

competitor — конкурент

rival — соперник

competition — конкуренция

to compete — конкурировать

competitive — конкурентоспоообньій

customer — клиент

price — цена

demand — спрос

market — рьшок

to market — сбывать, продавать

home (domestic) market — внутренний рьшок

international (overseas) market — международный (внешний) рынок

to cater (for) — обслуживать

local — местный

abroad — за рубежом

exporter —экспортер

export company — компания - экспортер

to export —экспортировать

exports — экпорт (вьівозимые товары)

export (exporting) business — экспортный бизнес, экспортирование

importer — импортер

to import — импортировать

imports — ввозимые товары

importation – ввоз товаров

A company is also called a firm or a business. While it is producing goods or trading, it is said to be in business. A firm which is just starting up is going into business and a company which stops operating goes out of business. If a company gets bigger, it expands. The expansion of a firm means it can produce more goods or sell more of its products.

A manufacturer (or manufacturing company) produces goods. The goods it makes are its 'products When a manufacturing company expands, it usually increases production. If one year it produces 100 tonnes and the next year it produces 110 tonnes, it has increased production by 10%.

A company which sells goods in large quantities (in bulk) is called a wholesale distributor (or wholesaler). A company or person buying goods in bulk (or wholesale) and selling them in small quantities is a retailer. Most local shops are retailers and sell goods retail.

Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are competitors (or rivals). They are in competition and they compete for customers. In order to sell more goods than its rivals, a company must be competitive. It is important to keep ahead of the competition by selling at competitive prices. If one company has an advantage over its competitors (for example a cheaper or better product) it gives them an edge on the market.

An area where there is a demand for certain goods is called a market. A company which markets (sells) goods locally caters for the local market. Goods sold in the same country as they are produced are sold on the home (or domestic) market. A company which sells goods abroad is an exporter. An exporter (or export company) sells goods on the international (or overseas) market. The goods it exports are called exports A company which starts selling goods overseas is said to go into exporting (or to go into the export/exporting business). An importer buys goods abroad and imports them into his own country. The goods are then called imports and the process of importing is called importation

Exporting

Экспорт

Packaging - упаковка

Transportation - перевозка, транспортировка

Insurance - стряховаииє, страховка

payment- оплата

to pack - упаковывать

container (crate) - контейнер

damage - повреждение

to label- маркировать, помечать

label- маркировка, ярлык

by sea - морем

by air - по воздуху

by rail - по железной дороге

shipping company - пароходство, пароходная компания

to ship - перевозить морем

shipment - транспортировка, перевозка (морем)

to transport - перевозить

airline - авиакомпания

factory - завод

dock (quay) - порт

truck (lorry) - грузовик

to insure (to cover) - застраховать

loss - убыток, потеря

in transit- при перевозке

to take out insurance - оформить страховку

to cover by the insurance - покрить страховкой

freight (cargo) - груз

freight rates (shipping costs) - грузовой тариф, стоимость перевозки

to load - грузить

charges (costs) - расходы, сборы, стоимость

handling charges - расходим по погрузке

packaging charges (costs) - расходим по упаковке

currency - валюта

to encourage - поощрять

assistance - содействие

incentive - стимул, стимулировать

to borrow - брать в долг, занимать

finance - финансы, финансовые средства

to finance - финансировать

export credit - экспортный кредит

department - управлений, департамент

guarantee - гарантия

to carry the loss - взять на себя возмещение убытков

relief – льгота

When a company exports goods abroad there are many problems it must consider, e.g. packaging, transportation, insurance and payment. First the goods must be packed carefully in containers to protect them from damage. The containers (or crates) must be labelled clearly to show where they are going. The label may also show what the crates / containers contain.

Goods can be transported by sea or by air, by a shipping company or by an airline. If the goods are shipped, then transportation must be arranged from the factory to the docks (or quay). This can either be by road in trucks (or lorries) or by rail. The shipment must be insured (covered) against loss or damage in transit (while it is being transported). Sometimes the exporter takes out insurance and sometimes the importer insures the shipment depending on the terms of their agreement. If the goods are damaged in transit the company is covered by the insurance.

Obviously someone has to pay for all these things. While goods are in transit they are called freight (or cargo), so the company pays freight rates (or shipping costs) to the shipping company, or if the goods are being transported by air, to the airline. The cargo is loaded at the docks, or at the airport, and for this the company pays handling charges. Also the company must pay packaging charges/costs.

Exporting brings foreign currency into the country, so governments encourage export trade by giving assistance and incentives to exporters. Often companies borrow money (finance) from banks to finance exporting. This money is called export credit. A government department called the E.C.G.D. (Export Credit Guarantee Department) gives a. guarantee to the bank. This guarantee means the government carries the loss if the foreign buyer does not pay. It is a kind of insurance cover for the bank and the export/exporting company. Another form of government assistance or incentive is tax relief or tax advantages. Every company must pay a proportion of its earnings to the government in the form of tax. Tax relief means that exporters pay less tax on money earned abroad.

Marketing and Promotion

Сбыт и реклама

research (study) - исследование

to research (investigate) - исследовать

feasible - выполнимые, осуществимые

feasibility - возможность осуществления

to assess - оценивать

potential - потенциал

stand - стенд

Trade Fair - торговая ярмарка

to exhibit - выставлять

exhibition - выставка

sample - образец

response - реакций

prospective - потенциальный, перспективный

publicity (advertising) - реклама

to advertise (to promote) - рекламировать (содействовать продвижению товара/изделия)

press - пресса, печать

model - модель

range – acсортимент

catalogue - каталог

brochure- брошюра

to publicize — рекламировать

advertisement — реклама, рекламное обьявление

campaign — кампания (рекламная и тд.)

to launch —запускать

enquiries - запросы

to make enquiries – делать запросы

order - закач

tо place an order – размещать заказ

delivery - доставка

to supply - поставлять

replacement - замена, деталь на замену

spare parts - запасные части

after sales service – послепродажное обслуживание

component - деталь

complicated – сложный, усложненный

to service (to maintain) - обслуживать

servicing (maintenance) - обслуживание

machinery - механизмы, машини

When a company starts to sell goods in a new market, they often do some market research or a preliminary study to see if the project is feasible. They research (investigate) the market potential or do a feasibility study to see if they will make money by selling in the new market (i.e. to see if the product/project is viable).

One way to assess the market potential is to take a stand at a Trade Fаіг where companies can exhibit samples of their products and see what response they get from prospective customers. The Trade Fair is an exhibition of goods, and a company exhibits a sample of its product at its stand. This is also a form of publicity (or advertising) and the company representative will probably hand out publicity brochures to advertise (or promote) the product further. Often journalists (the press) write about the Trade Fair and sometimes, companies hold a press conference if they want to promote a particular model or range. (Each different type of car, bike etc. is a model All the different models made by a company make up its range. The full range of goods is normally displayed in the company's catalogue. The catalogue is a booklet or brochure).

Another way of promoting (or publicizing) a new product is to place advertisements in magazines or newspapers. Advertisements are also called adverts or ads for short. A plan to do a lot of advertising of one product is called a campaign. Starting an advertising campaign on a new product is known as launching the product.

The aim of publicity /promotion is to interest customers (or buyers, or clients) in the product. Initially c customers/clients might make enquiries about the product. When they decide to buy, they place an order. At a Trade Fair companies arc trying to win (obtain) as many orders as possible. However, before a client places an order he wants to know many things: how long delivery takes, whether the company can supply replacements and spare parts, what the after sales service is like etc. (All the individual parts in a model are called components. If one of the components breaks the customer will want a replacement spare part If the product is complicated, skilled workers might be needed to fit spare parts or to service or maintain the machinery. Any maintenance or servicing the company does after it has sold the product is called after sales service).