Exercises

Exercise 1. Find where in the text it is said about the points given below. Put down the number of a paragraph.

a) metal processing;

b) casting;

c) foundrymen;

d) welding;

e) finishing.

Exercise 2. Match the words and word combinations on the left with their definitions on the right.

1) casting 2) machining 3) the processing of metals 4) heat treatment 5) forming

a) is the term applied to a group of processes consisting in removing excess metal from cast, rolled or forged parts in order to obtain a desired shape. b) is the process which applies to shaping the metal in the solid state c) may be briefly described as shaping by means of transforming the metal from liquid to solid state in specially designed moulds. d) is the most indispensable part of fabricating a wide range of products, such as the tiniest parts used in electronics, electrical and radio engineering, watch-making. e) is the process being used to cause the desired property variations by means of controlled temperature changes.

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions. Find answers in the text. Put the number of the paragraph.

1. What are the major techniques of metal processing?

2. How may casting be briefly described?

3. What are the most commonly used casting processes?

4. What is the term “machining” applied to?

5. What kind of machine-tools are generally employed?

6. What operations are used to cause the desired property variations in metal and alloys?

7. What are high mechanical properties required for?

8. What are the four major groups of heat treatment?

9. Why must a processing engineer know all fabricating processes?

Exercise 4. Say if the following statements are true or false:

1. Metal processing is known to involve the following major techniques: casting, forming, machining, joining, and heat treatment.

2. Casting may be briefly described as fabricating by means of transforming the metal from solid to liquid state in specially designed moulds.

3. The most commonly used casting processes are: sand casting, mould casting, die casting, investment and precision casting, centrifugal casting, die casting, investment and precision casting, centrifugal casting.

4. Forming applies to shaping the metal in the liquid state, which is possible due to the peculiar property most metals possess called “stiffness”.

5. Joining comprises a variety of methods such as welding, soldering, brazing, and riveting, which are used for attaching one surface to another.

6. There are three major groups of heat treatment, namely hardening, annealing, tempering.

Exercise 5. Discussion points.

1. The difference between casting and forming.

2. The importance of heat treatment application for the operation of modern machinery and tools.

3. Functions of the processing engineer.

4. The difference between rolling and extrusion.

metalworking joining normalising riveting technique sheet billet orifice cross section die window frame initial piece thick-walled mandrel fitting ram yield point shearing to grip forming operation open-die forming to enclose machining rod tolerance upsetting excess finishing foundryman hardering

металлообработка сборка нормализация клепка метод лист заготовка, болванка отверстие поперечное сечение штамп, волочильная доска рама окна заготовка толстостенный оправка, сердечник зд. посадка плунжер точка текучести металла обрезка, обрезание схватывать операция штампования ковка в открытом штампе заключать механическая обработка кнут, стержень допуск высадка, выдавливание лишний отделка, чистовая обработка литейщик закалка

металообробка складання нормалізація клепання метод, спосіб лист заготівля отвір поперечний переріз штамп, матриця рама вікна заготівля товстостінний оправка, сердечник садіння плунжер точка текучості металу обрізання схоплювати операція штампування кування у відкритому штампі замикати механічна обробка прут допуск висадження зайвий, зайвина оброблення, чистова обробка ливарник загартування