Negative

I he/she/it we/you/they

am not is not are not

controlling decreasing insulating

For example:

• I am not working as a physicist now.

• These devices are not heating this week.

• Look! They are not placing the grid between the cathode and the plate.

Questions

Am Is Are

I he/she/it we/you/they

controlling? decreasing? insulating?

For example:

• Why aren’t these devices heating this week?

• Look! They are placing the grid between the cathode and the plate at the moment, aren’t they?

Adjectives and adverbs

1. Adjective + noun

For example:

• a modern amplifier

• a good conductor

• a precise definition

But: Look/feel/smell/taste/sound/get + adjective

2. Verb + adverb

Adjective + -ly = adverb

For example:

Adjective Adverb

quick quickly

bad badly

sudden suddenly

careful carefully

heavy heavily

good well

• to control well

• to conduct readily

• to operate quickly

3. Degrees of Comparison

A	B
cheap – cheaper – the cheapest nice – nicer – the nicest big – bigger – the biggest early – earlier – the earliest	expensive – more expensive – the most expensive interesting – more interesting – the most interesting

But: good – better – the best

bad – worse – the worst

little – less – the least

much/many – more – the most

1. Fill in the table.

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb	Translation	Transcription
control (п,v)	control			управление, управлять	[kqn′trqul]
decrease	decrease				[′di:kr i:s] (n) [di:′kri:s] (v)
	depend (on, upon)
distance
density				плотность
increase	increase		increasingly		[′inkris] (п) [in′kri:s] (v)
insulator insulation				диэлектрик/ непроводник изоляция
				сетка
	place
					[tran′zistq] [tran′sistq]
	result (in)

2. Read and translate the following international words:

Nouns (n): effect, function, idea, ion, material, metal, milliampere, reflector, result, secret, spiral, triode, volt

Verbs (v): compensate, control

Adjectives (adj): modern, miniature, standard

3. Write the following verbs with –ing. Mind the spelling.

Control, decrease, depend, increase, place, result, conduct, insulate, heat, emit, flow, have, apply, use.

4. Look at Fig.1 and complete the sentences with the following verbs in the correct form: attract, repel, heat, flow, emit.

Fig.1. Electron flow in a vacuum tube

1. The heater … the cathode.

2. The cathode … electrons.

3. Negative voltage on the cathode … the electrons.

4. Positive voltage on the plate … the electrons.

5. Current … from one element to the other through a gas.

5. Make up questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order.

1. the\in\student\the\electron\describing\a\vacuum\flow\tube.

2. the\electronics\defining\physicist.

3. the\emitting\cathode\electrons.

4. the\the\electrons\cathode\flowing\from\to\the\plate.

5. the\between\grid\being placed\the\cathode\and\the\plate.

6. the\grid\the\flow\of\electrons\controlling.

7. current\from\moving\element\to\one\the\other\a\gas\through.

8. a\small\negative\voltage\being applied\to\the\grid.

9. the\decreasing\plate\current.

10. being used\for\amplification\a\triode.

11. flowing\only\current\in\direction\one.