- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text. For each statement 1 to 8 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •2. Match the historical systems of law (1 to 8) to their distinctive characteristics (a to h).
- •3. Make the Comparative and the Superlative forms of the adjectives.
- •5. Complete the sentences with was/wasn’t, were/weren’t and translate them.
- •6. Put the sentences in the Past Simple Tense. Make necessary changes.
- •7. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the Past Simple Tense.
- •8. Transform the following sentences into a) negative sentence, b) yes/no-question, c) or-question, d) tag-question, e) wh-questions and f) subject-question.
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read text 2 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •11. Match the sentence halves to make appropriate sentences.
- •12. Find the Passive verb forms (Present Simple or Past Simple) and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •13. Choose the proper verb form (Active or Passive).
- •14. Rewrite the sentences, changing the active to the passive and adding by where necessary. Make any other necessary changes.
- •15. Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets (present or past simple active or passive, participle I or II).
- •16. Use the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets. Supply the where necessary.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •17. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
- •18. Match the verbs 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
- •19. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
- •20. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with appropriate words and phrases from the vocabulary lists on pp. 24 and 29.
- •22. Translate the chains of words into Russian. Complete the sentences with appropriate words from each chain.
- •23. Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given in the box below. There are some words that you don’t need.
- •24. Complete this text with the correct alternatives. Translate the text into Russian in written form.
- •25. Look again at Texts 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
- •26. Translate into English.
- •27. Speak on one of the following topics. Use the words and phrases provided below each topic.
- •1 Early systems of law.
- •2 Roman law and its influence.
- •28. Discuss in groups.
1. Read the text. For each statement 1 to 8 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
The code of Hammurabi appeared later than the Torah.
Ancient India and China represent distinct1 traditions of law and had historically independent schools of legal theory and practice.
The Torah has moral rules such as the Ten Commandments, that tell people what acts are not permitted2.
Roman Law developed independently of the Greek legal school.
The Corpus Juris Civilis was lost through the Dark Ages, but rediscovered around the 11th century.
One of major innovations in Roman law was the distinction between public law and private law.
Roman law was replaced by Islamic law as a result of the Muslim invasions.
Roman law had an important influence on Continental law.
2. Match the historical systems of law (1 to 8) to their distinctive characteristics (a to h).
-
1 ancient Egyptian law
2 Babylonian law
3 ancient Greek law
4 Roman law
5 Germanic law
6 Christian canon law
7 Muslim law
8 Feudal law
a)
This complex legal system had major influence on the growth of Western law.
b)
It is related to the social system of Western Europe in the Middle Ages.
c)
This is one of the greatest of ancient codes. It is carved on a stone column.
d)
It was based on the Bible and showed some influence of Roman law.
e)
Dating back to 3000 BC, this system of law included a civil code based on the concepts of social equality and impartiality.
f)
Its main source is the religion of Islam.
g)
It contained constitutional principles based on the belief in freedom and equality between people.
h)
One of its legal principle was the use of composition for crimes.
Grammar Review
3. Make the Comparative and the Superlative forms of the adjectives.
Model: a) easy – easier – the easiest
Small, old, early, late, new, broad, big, high, great, few, large, low.
b) popular – more popular – the most popular
Distinctive, interesting, necessary, serious, influential, beautiful, difficult, relevant, familiar.
c) good – better – the best
Bad, many, little, much.
4. Use the correct form of the adjective.
1. This part of the building is (modern) than that one. 2. Food, clothes and a house are (necessary) things for man’s life. 3. This road is (bad) than any other. 4. John Marshall was one of (important) figures in American constitutional law. 5. The news was (late) of all. 6. The situation was very (serious) and becoming (serious) every day. 7. This law is (important) for our country nowadays. 8. In primitive societies there were (few) laws than in organized societies. 9. The work of Professor N is (influential) of all that I know. 10. Egyptian law is (ancient) than Roman law. 11. The Torah is probably (old) body of law. 12. Your work is much (good) than I thought. 13. One of the world’s (small) countries is San Marino, Italy. 14. It was (bad) mistake in the history of the company. 15. The problem is (serious) than we expected. 16. Legal principles are (generalized) statements than legal rules.