- •Введение
- •Chapter 1. Family. Home Text 1. Oleg Kirillov Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Substitutional patterns:
- •2. Fill in the form:
- •3. Translate the following into English:
- •4. Act the following conversational situations:
- •5. Answer the questions on the text:
- •6. Speak about:
- •Text 2. Oleg’s family Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on text 2:
- •2. A) Say all you know about the hair, eyes, lips, eyelashes, the nose, the forehead, the figure, the mouth.
- •3. Listen to the following statements and respond them.
- •4. Agree if the statements are true to life or disagree if they are not.
- •5. Describe your group mates, let the students guess who the person is:
- •6. The plan will help you to describe one of your friends.
- •7. Act out the following conversational situations:
- •8. Speak about:
- •Text 3. The Kirillovs’ flat and a place of residence Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on the text:
- •2. Be ready to speak about:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Jackie’s family Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 2. The House of an Englishman Read the text and be ready to discuss the difference between an English house and a Belarusian one.
- •Chapter 2. Meals. Shopping Text 1. Meals Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Oleg’s daily meals
- •2. At the University dining room
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. Shopping Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on the text:
- •2. Ask your friend:
- •3. Name the following by one word:
- •4. Be ready to speak about:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Meals in England Read the text and compare meals in England and in our country.
- •Text 2. Shopping in the uk Read the text and say why Marks & Spencer store is famous all over the world.
- •Text 1. Oleg’s student life Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. About the University
- •2. Oleg’s studies
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to find synonyms for the following words:
- •2. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •3. Use the information from the text to expand the following sentences:
- •4. Use the text to put 2–3 questions beginning with the words:
- •5. Use the text to fill in the blanks with prepositions if necessary:
- •6. Use the text to find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations
- •7. Put questions to the following sentences:
- •8. Use the text to add some more information to the following statements:
- •9. Be ready to speak about the University and your studies there. Text 2. Oleg’s ordinary working day Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •5. Use the text to put 2–3 questions about Oleg’s working day with the words:
- •6. Find in the text words to speak about Oleg’s day:
- •7. Be ready to speak about your working day.
- •Additional texts for reading
- •Text 1. Student life in Great Britain
- •Read and translate the text with a dictionary. Say what you think about it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Text 2. An account of a typical day
- •At oxford University
- •Read the text about Christina’s studies at Oxford University.
- •Say what new information you have gained from the text.
- •Chapter 4. Free Time. Travelling Text 1. Oleg’s free time Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Oleg’s day off
- •2. Oleg’s winter and summer holidays
- •Exercises
- •1. Reproduce the sentences using the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Complete the following sentences:
- •3. Agree to the following statements and add some more information:
- •4. Fill in the missing parts in the following dialogues:
- •5. Answer the questions on the topic:
- •6. Ask your friend:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Speak on the way you usually spend your day off‚ your winter and summer holidays
- •Text 2. The Kirillovs’ week-end
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to put questions about:
- •2. Decide if the following statements are true or false.
- •3. Add some more sentences from the text to expand the following statements:
- •4. Look through the text once again and speak on:
- •5. Be ready to speak about your last week-end. Text 3. Oleg’s trip to Minsk Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Expend the following statements. Add information from the text:
- •2. Answer the questions on the text:
- •3. Speak on:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Sunday in England Read the text with a dictionary and be ready to answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 2. Adventure holidays at Beacon Park Read the text with a dictionary and be ready to answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Travelling Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. A trip by air
- •2. A trip by railway
- •3. A sea voyage
- •Exercises
- •1. Say what we call the place where:
- •2. Discuss with your group-mates the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by:
- •Chapter 5. Future profession Text. Oleg’s future profession Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on the text.
- •2. Speak on:
- •3. Be ready to speak about your future profession. Use the text as a help to your topic.
- •Additional texts for reading
- •Text 1. School teacher
- •Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 2. Economist Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Philologist Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 4. Historian Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 5. Ecologist Read the text using a dictionary and discuss the vital ecological problems this profession deals with. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Text 1. Oleg is a teenAger Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Develop the following ideas:
- •3. Speak on:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Problems of young people’s unemployment Read the text and express your opinion about the consequences of youth unemployment.
- •Text 2. Leisure activities of youth
- •Text 1. Belarus Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Geographical situation
- •2. Industry, agriculture, science
- •3. Political set-up
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to complete the sentences from the text:
- •2. Decide if the following statements are false or true:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •4. Be ready to speak about Belarus. Use information from the text as a help to your topic.
- •Text 2. Minsk
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Use text 2 to reproduce the sentences with the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •3. Decide if the following statements are true or false:
- •4. Answer the questions on text 2:
- •5. Be ready to speak about the capital of our republic. Use text 2 as a help to your topic. Text 3. Mozyr Read the text and do the exercises that follow it:
- •Exercises
- •1. Replace the following definitions by one word from text 3:
- •2. Reproduce the sentences from the text in which the following word-combinations are used:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •4. Be ready to speak about your home town (village, settlement). Use the following outline on the topic:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. From the history of Belarus Read the text with a dictionary and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to complete the sentences from the text:
- •2. Decide if the following statements are false or true:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •Text 2. From the history of Minsk Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Chapter 8. Great Britain. London
- •Text 1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain
- •And Northern Ireland
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. The geographical situation of the uk
- •2. British industry
- •3. Political set-up
- •Exercises
- •1. Choose the right variant to complete the sentences according to the text:
- •2. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •4. Use the text and your background knowledge to answer the questions of the quiz on Great Britain:
- •5. Be ready to speak about Great Britain. Use text 1. As a help to your topic. Text 2. London Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on the text:
- •2. Speak about London. Use the information from text 2 as a help to your topic.
- •Additional texts for reading
- •Text 1. From the history of Britain
- •Read the text with a dictionary and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Read the text and arrange the following statements in correct order:
- •2. Answer the questions on the text:
- •Text 2. From the history of London Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Museums of London Read the text with a dictionary and after each paragraph form a question on the main fact or information contained in it.
- •Text 4. London parks Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 5. English character Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 6. Customs, holidays and traditions
- •In Great Britain Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Chapter 9. The systems of education in Belarus and Great Britain Text 1. The System of Education in Belarus Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •2. Higher education
- •Exercises
- •1. Reproduce the sentences from the text using these words:
- •2. Express your agreement or disagreement.
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •Exercises
- •Additional texts for reading
- •Text 1. The history of development
- •Of education in our Republic
- •Read the text and do the exercise that follow it
- •Text 2. Teachers’ training in Belarus Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Comprehensive education in scotland Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
- •Text 5. Famous Universities of the uk Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •1. Oxford
- •2. Cambridge
- •3. Oxbridge specific system of education
- •Chapter 10. Famous people of Belarus and Great Britain Text 1. Famous People of Belarus Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •1. Literature
- •2. Theatre
- •3. Music
- •5. Sport
- •6. Space
- •Text 2. Famous Britons Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Isaac Newton (1642–1727)
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Who was Dr. Skaryna?
- •Text 2. Efrosinya Polotskaya Read the text with a dictionary and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Complete the sentences using the following variants:
- •2. Arrange the items of the given outline in the order according to the text:
- •Text 3. Zhores I. Alferov Read the text with a dictionary and speak on Alferov’s youth, his discoveries and career.
- •Text 4. Isaac Newton Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •2. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •3. Be ready to speak about Newton’s life and his discoveries.
- •Text 5. James Watt
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •2. Be ready to speak about Watt’s life and his discoveries.
- •Text 6. William Shakespeare
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Text 7. Robert Burns Read the text and do the exercises that follow it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Decide if the following sentences are true or false:
- •2. Answer the questions on the text:
- •3. Be ready to speak about Burn’s life and his works.
- •Text 8. ChaRleS darwin
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Put questions to the words in italics:
- •3. Make an outline of the text and be ready to speak about Darwin’s life and his theories. Содержание
Text 2. Teachers’ training in Belarus Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
to be eligible – иметь право
rewarding – вознаграждение
Over 500000 teachers are employed in the educational system of Belarus. The specific conditions for the development of education in various regions of the country called for a flexible approach to teachers training. At present pedagogical schools and teacher training colleges train teachers for the country’s schools. Pedagogical schools train elementary school teachers who get general secondary education and special pedagogical training. These schools accept young people who have finished an eight-year school and have passed the entrance exams. The course of study is four years. All those who complete their studies and pass the final exams receive diplomas which give them the right to teach in elementary school, as well as the right to enter any university-level school after having completed three years of teaching in an elementary school.
Teachers’ training colleges are university-level educational establish-ments. They train teachers in all specialities for the school system. In many teachers’ training colleges teachers are trained not in one but in two subjects such as mathematics and physics, biology and chemistry, geography and biology, etc. Graduates receive diplomas and are eligible to teach either one or two subjects in a secondary school.
Mozyr State Teacher’s Training University is one of the institutions of such kind. It has an efficient teaching staff. Among them there are academicians, Doctors of Sciences, Candidates of Sciences. Only within the recent years hundreds of monographs, textbooks and other academic works have been published by the scientists of the University. The University has some problem laboratories. Researches carried out in these laboratories are of vital importance for national economy and for the development of science and culture of the country. The results of research are used in study process.
Answer the questions on the text:
1. What establishments train teachers in our country?
2. Are teachers trained only on one subject?
3. What can you say about Mozyr State Teacher’s Training University?
Text 3. Comprehensive education in scotland Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
Compare schooling in Great Britain with the school education in Belarus.
Pupils start attending secondary school at the age of 12 and are alphabetically divided into classes. During the first 2 years they follow the same courses, studying subjects such as English, mathematics, history, geography, chemistry, physics, biology, a foreign language (French or Germany), art, physical education, music, homecraft (cookery and needlework) or technical training. The day is divided into 35-minute lessons beginning at 9.15 a.m. There is a 15-minute interval at 11 and lunch break lasts from 12.25 to 1.50 p.m. Meals are provided in the school canteen where a good choice is available. The school day ends at 4.00 and pupils are given a small amount of homework. As in all British schools there is a 5-day week.
In the second year the time-table is the same as that of the first year except that pupils are offered the opportunity of taking up Latin instead of homecraft or technical training.
At the end of each term pupils are tested, the most important tests are at the end of the summer term. The results are recorded on Report Sheets, which must be signed by the parents of each pupil.
In the 3rd year streaming begins and pupils are divided into subject groups according to ability. Pupils have a wide choice of subjects which they will now concentrate on, in preparation for the “O-level” examination which takes place in the 4th year. It is possible to begin learning a new foreign language or even 2 (Russian is offered in some schools). On the other hand it is possible to concentrate on sciences and drop languages altogether. Those wishing to study science at university usually continue studying a foreign language to “O-level” as this is one of the basic entrance requirements.
For those who do not wish to go on to higher education, opportunities are given to study accounts, commerce, more technical subjects or homecraft.
In the 4th year serious work for “O-grade” examinations held in February and their chances of gaining a good pass in the “O-grades” are assessed. The examinations are held in May – June and the results are published in July.
These examinations are school-leaving examinations and armed with them a pupil may leave school and seek employment. Alternatively he may choose to stay on at school for a 5th year either to gain more “O-grades” or attempt the “A-grade” examinations which are those required for entry to university.
At the end of the 5th year pupils may go to university, provided that they fulfil the entrance requirements or they may choose to stay at school for a 6th year. Teachers usually recommend those who wish to enter university to stay at school for a 6th year as they feel that it gives the pupil a greater chance of success at university.
Text 4. higher and further education in Britain
Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
Say about the main differences in British and our higher education.
Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
redbrick university – университет, построенный из красного кирпича
pre-eminence – превосходство
don – старший преподаватель
apart from – кроме
part-time education – вечерняя форма обучения
There are now 46 universities in the United Kingdom: 35 in England, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Northern Ireland and 1 in Wales.
All British universities are private, that is not state-controlled institutions. Each has its own governing council, including some local businessmen and politicians as well as a few academics.
Students have to pay fees and living costs, but every student may receive a personal grant from the local authority of the place where he lives.
British universities can be divided into 3 main groups: the old universities; the redbrick ones, which include all the provincial universities of the period 1850–1930, as well as London University; the new universities, founded since the Second World War.
In the group of old universities Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest ones. Although they have together less than a tenth of the whole student population, they have special pre-eminence. A number of well-known scientists and writers, among them Newton, Darwin and Byron, were educated in Cambridge.
These 2 universities differ greatly from all the others in general organization, methods of instructions, syllabuses, traditions, history, etc. They are based on colleges (law, music, natural science, economics, agriculture, engineering, commerce, education, etc.), each college having about 300 students.
The teachers there are commonly called “dons”. Part of the teaching is by means of lectures organized by the university. Apart from lectures teaching is carried out by tutorial system, for which these 2 universities have always been famous. This is a system of individual tuition organized by the colleges, each tutor being responsible for the progress of the students. The students go to the tutor’s room once every week to read and discuss essays which they have prepared.
The typical academic programme for university students in Britain is composed of a varying number of courses or subjects. The academic obligations for each subject fall into 3 broad types. Lectures, at which attendance is not always compulsory, often outline the general scope of the subject matter and stress the particular specialization of the lecturer. Tutorials, through individual or group discussion, reading extensively, and writing essays under the tutor’s direction, ensure focused and in-depth understanding of the subject.
Examinations on each subject require the student to consolidate his knowledge of the subject, which he has gained through lectures, discussions and a great deal of independent study. These 3 categories of academic activity – lectures, tutorials and examinations – provide the means by which students prepare themselves in specialized fields of knowledge in British universities.
The course of study at a university lasts 3 or 4 years. In general Bachelor’s degree, the first academic degree, is given to the students who pass their examination at the end of the course: Bachelor of Arts, of history, philosophy, language and literature, etc., Bachelor of Science or Commerce or Music.
In 1971 the Open University was set up for the people who do not have time or the qualifications to study at a conventional university. The students of the Open University need to study about 10 hours a week, to write essays, and to prepare for exams. There are weekly Open University lectures broadcast on BBC television and radio. The final mark is based on the exam and the written assignments done during the year. It takes 6 (or 8) years to get a degree. One who gets a degree may have a better job, higher pay or post-graduate studies.
Some universities have extra-mural departments.
Besides universities there are 30 polytechnics, numerous colleges for more specialized needs, such as agriculture, accountancy, art and design and law, a few hundred technical colleges providing part-time and full-time education. It is common for students to leave home to study, and only 15% of all university students live at home while they study.