- •Введение
- •Chapter 1. Family. Home Text 1. Oleg Kirillov Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Substitutional patterns:
- •2. Fill in the form:
- •3. Translate the following into English:
- •4. Act the following conversational situations:
- •5. Answer the questions on the text:
- •6. Speak about:
- •Text 2. Oleg’s family Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on text 2:
- •2. A) Say all you know about the hair, eyes, lips, eyelashes, the nose, the forehead, the figure, the mouth.
- •3. Listen to the following statements and respond them.
- •4. Agree if the statements are true to life or disagree if they are not.
- •5. Describe your group mates, let the students guess who the person is:
- •6. The plan will help you to describe one of your friends.
- •7. Act out the following conversational situations:
- •8. Speak about:
- •Text 3. The Kirillovs’ flat and a place of residence Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on the text:
- •2. Be ready to speak about:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Jackie’s family Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 2. The House of an Englishman Read the text and be ready to discuss the difference between an English house and a Belarusian one.
- •Chapter 2. Meals. Shopping Text 1. Meals Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Oleg’s daily meals
- •2. At the University dining room
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. Shopping Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on the text:
- •2. Ask your friend:
- •3. Name the following by one word:
- •4. Be ready to speak about:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Meals in England Read the text and compare meals in England and in our country.
- •Text 2. Shopping in the uk Read the text and say why Marks & Spencer store is famous all over the world.
- •Text 1. Oleg’s student life Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. About the University
- •2. Oleg’s studies
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to find synonyms for the following words:
- •2. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •3. Use the information from the text to expand the following sentences:
- •4. Use the text to put 2–3 questions beginning with the words:
- •5. Use the text to fill in the blanks with prepositions if necessary:
- •6. Use the text to find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations
- •7. Put questions to the following sentences:
- •8. Use the text to add some more information to the following statements:
- •9. Be ready to speak about the University and your studies there. Text 2. Oleg’s ordinary working day Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •5. Use the text to put 2–3 questions about Oleg’s working day with the words:
- •6. Find in the text words to speak about Oleg’s day:
- •7. Be ready to speak about your working day.
- •Additional texts for reading
- •Text 1. Student life in Great Britain
- •Read and translate the text with a dictionary. Say what you think about it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Text 2. An account of a typical day
- •At oxford University
- •Read the text about Christina’s studies at Oxford University.
- •Say what new information you have gained from the text.
- •Chapter 4. Free Time. Travelling Text 1. Oleg’s free time Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Oleg’s day off
- •2. Oleg’s winter and summer holidays
- •Exercises
- •1. Reproduce the sentences using the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Complete the following sentences:
- •3. Agree to the following statements and add some more information:
- •4. Fill in the missing parts in the following dialogues:
- •5. Answer the questions on the topic:
- •6. Ask your friend:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Speak on the way you usually spend your day off‚ your winter and summer holidays
- •Text 2. The Kirillovs’ week-end
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to put questions about:
- •2. Decide if the following statements are true or false.
- •3. Add some more sentences from the text to expand the following statements:
- •4. Look through the text once again and speak on:
- •5. Be ready to speak about your last week-end. Text 3. Oleg’s trip to Minsk Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Expend the following statements. Add information from the text:
- •2. Answer the questions on the text:
- •3. Speak on:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Sunday in England Read the text with a dictionary and be ready to answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 2. Adventure holidays at Beacon Park Read the text with a dictionary and be ready to answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Travelling Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. A trip by air
- •2. A trip by railway
- •3. A sea voyage
- •Exercises
- •1. Say what we call the place where:
- •2. Discuss with your group-mates the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by:
- •Chapter 5. Future profession Text. Oleg’s future profession Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on the text.
- •2. Speak on:
- •3. Be ready to speak about your future profession. Use the text as a help to your topic.
- •Additional texts for reading
- •Text 1. School teacher
- •Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 2. Economist Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Philologist Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 4. Historian Read the text using a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 5. Ecologist Read the text using a dictionary and discuss the vital ecological problems this profession deals with. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Text 1. Oleg is a teenAger Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Develop the following ideas:
- •3. Speak on:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Problems of young people’s unemployment Read the text and express your opinion about the consequences of youth unemployment.
- •Text 2. Leisure activities of youth
- •Text 1. Belarus Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. Geographical situation
- •2. Industry, agriculture, science
- •3. Political set-up
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to complete the sentences from the text:
- •2. Decide if the following statements are false or true:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •4. Be ready to speak about Belarus. Use information from the text as a help to your topic.
- •Text 2. Minsk
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Use text 2 to reproduce the sentences with the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •3. Decide if the following statements are true or false:
- •4. Answer the questions on text 2:
- •5. Be ready to speak about the capital of our republic. Use text 2 as a help to your topic. Text 3. Mozyr Read the text and do the exercises that follow it:
- •Exercises
- •1. Replace the following definitions by one word from text 3:
- •2. Reproduce the sentences from the text in which the following word-combinations are used:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •4. Be ready to speak about your home town (village, settlement). Use the following outline on the topic:
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. From the history of Belarus Read the text with a dictionary and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to complete the sentences from the text:
- •2. Decide if the following statements are false or true:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •Text 2. From the history of Minsk Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Chapter 8. Great Britain. London
- •Text 1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain
- •And Northern Ireland
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •1. The geographical situation of the uk
- •2. British industry
- •3. Political set-up
- •Exercises
- •1. Choose the right variant to complete the sentences according to the text:
- •2. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •4. Use the text and your background knowledge to answer the questions of the quiz on Great Britain:
- •5. Be ready to speak about Great Britain. Use text 1. As a help to your topic. Text 2. London Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the questions on the text:
- •2. Speak about London. Use the information from text 2 as a help to your topic.
- •Additional texts for reading
- •Text 1. From the history of Britain
- •Read the text with a dictionary and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Read the text and arrange the following statements in correct order:
- •2. Answer the questions on the text:
- •Text 2. From the history of London Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Museums of London Read the text with a dictionary and after each paragraph form a question on the main fact or information contained in it.
- •Text 4. London parks Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 5. English character Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 6. Customs, holidays and traditions
- •In Great Britain Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Chapter 9. The systems of education in Belarus and Great Britain Text 1. The System of Education in Belarus Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •2. Higher education
- •Exercises
- •1. Reproduce the sentences from the text using these words:
- •2. Express your agreement or disagreement.
- •3. Answer the questions on the text:
- •Exercises
- •Additional texts for reading
- •Text 1. The history of development
- •Of education in our Republic
- •Read the text and do the exercise that follow it
- •Text 2. Teachers’ training in Belarus Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Text 3. Comprehensive education in scotland Read and translate the text with a dictionary.
- •Text 5. Famous Universities of the uk Read the text with a dictionary and answer the questions that follow it.
- •1. Oxford
- •2. Cambridge
- •3. Oxbridge specific system of education
- •Chapter 10. Famous people of Belarus and Great Britain Text 1. Famous People of Belarus Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •1. Literature
- •2. Theatre
- •3. Music
- •5. Sport
- •6. Space
- •Text 2. Famous Britons Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.
- •Isaac Newton (1642–1727)
- •Additional texts for reading Text 1. Who was Dr. Skaryna?
- •Text 2. Efrosinya Polotskaya Read the text with a dictionary and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Complete the sentences using the following variants:
- •2. Arrange the items of the given outline in the order according to the text:
- •Text 3. Zhores I. Alferov Read the text with a dictionary and speak on Alferov’s youth, his discoveries and career.
- •Text 4. Isaac Newton Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Exercises
- •1. Use the text to complete the sentences:
- •2. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •3. Be ready to speak about Newton’s life and his discoveries.
- •Text 5. James Watt
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Answer the following questions on the text:
- •2. Be ready to speak about Watt’s life and his discoveries.
- •Text 6. William Shakespeare
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Text 7. Robert Burns Read the text and do the exercises that follow it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Decide if the following sentences are true or false:
- •2. Answer the questions on the text:
- •3. Be ready to speak about Burn’s life and his works.
- •Text 8. ChaRleS darwin
- •Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
- •Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Put questions to the words in italics:
- •3. Make an outline of the text and be ready to speak about Darwin’s life and his theories. Содержание
Text 4. Isaac Newton Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.
Study the following vocabulary before reading the texts:
the binomial theorem – бином Ньютона
the law of gravity – закон притяжения
the “Principia” – “Начала”
to enable – сделать возможным
to bind (bound) – связывать
indispensable – необходимый, обязательный
differential and integral calculus – дифференциальное и интегральное исчисление
Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727) is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientist of all times.
He was born in 1642 in a small village in England. His father was a poor farmer. When the boy was 14 his father died. Newton left school and helped his mother on the farm. But the boy didn’t like farming, he was fond of poetry and mathematics. So Newton was sent back to school where he studied well and made his first scientific experiments. At the age of 19 he was sent to Cambridge University to study mathematics where he displayed remarkable ability in science. In the autumn of 1660, Cambridge University was closed. The Great Plague spread in England and Newton had to return to his village and stay there for 18 months. At home he went on with his studies. When he was 21 Newton formulated the binomial theorem.
After graduating Newton lectured on mathematics at Cambridge University. At 26 Newton became a professor at the University. His main interests were mathematics, electrical mechanics and physical optics.
At 22 Newton began studying the theory of gravity that had been known long before his time. He extended the law of gravity to the whole universe. He realized that it was gravity which bound the Moon to the Earth and other planets to the Sun. His great work, the “Principia” was published in 1687. In this book Newton clarified all that he had discovered about the movements of planets and their satellites.
The laws of gravity enabled him to explain many mysteries of the structure of the universe. Newton showed how the mass of the sun could be calculated from the speed and distance of any planet. He calculated the force of gravity between the sun and the planets and the quantity of matter in all these objects. He showed that the weight of the same body would be 23 times greater at the surface of the sun than at the surface of the earth. He found the true size and shape of the earth.
Newton’s results were better than anything that human reason had reached before Newton. He proved that mechanical laws acting on the earth, that is, in the world in which we live, are connected with mechanical laws of the whole universe.
Newton developed a mathematical method indispensable in all questions concerning motion. This method is known by the name of differential and integral calculus. He discovered laws of motion which are still considered to be the basis of all calculations concerning motion.
But light was Newton’s favourite study. Having made a number of experiments with lenses, he proved that white light consisted of rays of different coloures, and that white light is a mixture of all these coloured rays. These results laid the foundation of modern spectrography and greatly enriched the field of optics.
In 1703 his countrymen elected Newton president of the Royal Society. In 1727 he died and was buried in Westminster Abbey. There is a monument to Newton in Trinity College at Cambridge with the inscription: “Newton, Who Surpassed All Men of Science”.