- •Рецензенты:
- •Предисловие
- •(Present Simple)
- •Вопросительная форма
- •Другие глаголы
- •Vocabulary list
- •Why is Juanita in trouble?
- •Where is she now?
- •What does Mrs. D'Orsey want to know? grammar exercises
- •Activity
- •Compare the work of Jenny Hopper and Gary Hoffman. Make use of the following grid.
- •Compare yourself with a member of your family, another student in the class, or a famous person.
- •Write the story of a typical day in your life.
- •Activity
- •Describe any member of your group using questions in the table so that your group mates can guess whom you mean.
- •Activity
- •Write a short article based on the above interview for the local newspaper.
- •Take the role of a famous person who you know something about. Your partner interviews you and asks about your daily life. Section с
- •Section a
- •Grammar exercises
- •Activity
- •Activity
- •Section с
- •Grammar exercises
- •Imagine that you were in the bank one day and saw a bank raid take place. The police want to know what you saw. Write a story of what happened.
- •Narrate an interesting (mysterious) story you once witnessed.
- •Edwina d'Orsey
- •Juanita Nunez
- •Miles Eastin
- •Social Contacts
- •1. Making an invitation
- •3. In the restaurant ordering a meal
- •Vocabulary list
- •Section в
- •Grammar exercises
- •Write a short paragraph about a famous living person and summarize his/her career so far.
- •Have you done any exciting or interesting things? Write down two or three. Find out what other people in your class have done. Section с
- •Identifying yourself
- •Vocabulary list
- •Настоящее совершенное время (Present Perfect II)
- •Grammar exercises
- •Edwina d'Orsey about Miles Eastin's work record.
- •Mr. Burnside about the particulars of the audit procedure.
- •Section с
- •Incoming calls (when you receive the call)
- •Identifying yourself when you pick up the phone
- •Section в
- •Why was there much work to do to make the fma board more impressive?
- •There were many supporters of Alex Vandervoort on the board, weren't there?
- •Who was Alex's strong supporter?
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Go over Ex. 2 Grammar Exercises Unit III once again. Draw up the layout of Eastin's flat.
- •2. You are looking for accommodation. Another student in your class is a landlord. You make a telephone call to your prospective landlord. Ask him/her about the apartment she/he lets.
- •Inviting introductions from participants
- •Inviting someone to state his/her position
- •1. If you didn't hear:
- •2. If you didn't understand:
- •Section a
- •Vocabulary list (Part a)
- •Отрицательная форма
- •Вопросительная форма
- •Grammar exercises
- •Using the model above, say what you think Roscoe Heyward, Nolan Wainwright, Edwina d'Orsey are going to do next week.
- •Using the model above, say what you are going to do next week. Write six or eight sentences.
- •Imagine that you are in charge of fma. Discuss with the rest of the class what changes you would like to make. Make definite decisions, write them down and say what the results will be.
- •Section a
- •Употребление времени Present Simple в значении будущего времени в придаточных предложениях времени и условия
- •Grammar exercises
- •Roscoe Heyward becomes President
- •Alex Vandervoort is elected.
- •Indirect questions
- •Information to find out:
- •Information about the company:
- •Information to find out:
- •Vocabulary list
- •Factors of production: labor. Labor market
- •Why did Alex summon Dick French?
- •Dick French didn't have to make a statement, did he?
- •What did the pr head assume?
- •The money policy committee divided two by two, didn't it?
- •Did Jerome Patterton have to cast the decisive vote?
- •What was the outcome of the meeting? grammar exercises
- •College
- •Passport
- •Driving licence
- •Introducing opinions, attitudes
- •Factors of production: land, capital. Entrepreneurship
- •Contributions of Entrepreneurs
- •What question did the reporter ask?
- •Fma required ten dollars to open an account, didn't it?
- •What tactics did the people adopt?
- •Why was the big branch almost helpless?
- •How did the New York Stock Exchange react to the bank-in?
- •The bank finally capitulated, didn't it? grammar exercises
- •Imagine that you had an interview for a job of an assistant operations officer at fma a few days ago. Report the interview to the class.
- •Заключение
- •Литература
- •Contents
Information to find out:
Bank standing
Credit line
Unit IX
Topic: Factors of production: labor. Labor market
Grammar: Must / Have to
Communication Skills: Interviewing
SECTION A
Vocabulary list
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input (s) — ресурс, потребляемый в производстве фактор, затраты, издержки |
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output (s) — выпуск, продукция, объем производства |
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labor — труд, рабочая сила, трудовые ресурсы labor force — рабочая сила, число работающих в отрасли (стране) labor inputs — затраты на труд (заработную плату) labor market — рынок труда, рынок рабочей силы |
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individuals — экономические агенты |
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wage (s) — заработная плата, pl. фонды заработной платы wages and salaries — заработная плата рабочих и служащих wage rate — ставка заработной платы |
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price taker — производитель, не влияющий на рыночную цену; фирмы, принимающие заданные извне цены |
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trade-off — обмен, выбор, взаимозаменяемость, соотношение выгод и потерь |
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utility — полезность to apply the concept of utility — применять понятие полезности |
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marginal — предельный, минимально (экономически) эффективный marginal product — предельный продукт marginal value (revenue) — предельный продукт в денежной форме diminishing marginal product — убывающий предельный продукт |
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shift in demand (supply) — смещение спроса (предложения); изменение в характере спроса (предложения) |
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substitution effect — эффект замещения |
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curve — кривая the curve is downward (upward) sloping; the curve slopes downward (upward) — кривая имеет отрицательный (положительный) наклон; кривая имеет понижающийся (повышающийся) / нисходящий (восходящий) вид; график убывает (возрастает) |
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to employ — нанимать, предоставлять работу syn. to hire employer — работодатель employee — лицо наемного труда, служащий self-employed — самостоятельно занятые (мелкие предприниматели, кустари, лица свободных профессий) |
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equilibrium — равновесие, состояние равновесия equilibrium point — точка равновесия equilibrium wage — равновесная заработная плата to bring supply and demand in equilibrium — уравновесить спрос предложением the market is in equilibrium — на рынке достигнуто равновесие |
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to be derived from — иметь производный характер |
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determinants — неценовые факторы |
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shortage — дефицит, нехватка |
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surplus — избыток |
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labor union (AmE) — профсоюз syn. trade union (BrE) |
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to bargain over smth — вести переговоры о чем-либо collective bargain — ведение переговоров (между профсоюзами и предпринимателями) о коллективных договорах |
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fringe benefits — дополнительные к зарплате формы вознаграждения |
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to retire – уходить на пенсию |
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grievance — трудовой конфликт, жалоба (рабочих, персонала) to settle grievances — улаживать трудовые конфликты |
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seniority (AmE) — трудовой стаж, выслуга лет |
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to lay off — увольнять layoffs — увольнения |
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lockout — локаут (вид промышленного конфликта) |
NOTES:
other things equal — при прочих равных условиях
to make assumptions — делать допущения
to take into account — принимать во внимание
conversely — наоборот, напротив, иначе
to go beyond smth — выйти за рамки чего-либо
■ Ex. 1. Read the text and say which of the following terms were not mentioned.
labor force, customer surplus, opportunity cost, variable costs, marginal product of labor, externalities, shortage, customs union, equilibrium wage, market power, efficiency wages, fringe benefits, price elasticity, utility, labor union, working conditions.
■ Ex. 2. Read the text again and find the terms to match the following definitions.
the total number of workers, including both the employed and the unemployed
the claim that, other things equal, the quantity demanded of a good falls when the price of the good rises
a graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied
the property whereby the marginal product of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases
the increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of labor
the quantity of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time
a measure of happiness or satisfaction
a worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditions