8. Join the sentences using Participle I as an adverbial modifier of cause (reason).

1. You’ve promised to give him any assistance. You can’t go back on your word.

2. It’s a pity, I don’t know French. So I couldn’t understand what they were talking about at yesterday’s meeting.

3. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.

4. I came here this afternoon. I thought I might find Carry.

5. I paused. I didn’t know how to express myself.

6. The book is written in simple English. It’s suitable for beginners.

7. He wasn’t surprised to see her. He had been informed about her arrival.

8. Mel stopped. He realized he was talking to himself.

9. She didn’t want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before.

10. She moved away. She felt slightly embarrassed.

11. Mrs. Norris saw their uneasiness. She softened and smiled.

12. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost.

13. He turned down the job he was offered. He was reluctant to commit himself to a long contract.

14. Like other members of the OPEC Venezuela has implemented ambitious programmes. Now it has had to face many problems.

15. The government has experienced the lack of technical staff. It has not been able to meet all the targets in its plan.

9. Use the participles given below as adverbial modifiers of attendant circumstances (manner).

Thinking, holding, looking, smoking, reading, speaking, counting, putting, shaking, remembering, fighting

1. He has been in three revolutions…on the barricades.

2. He lay on the sofa… .

3. She was standing behind the screen door, …it open and…to him from the doorstep.

4. She smiled and closed her eyes …his words.

5. He sat for a long time… .

6. He sat in the armchair…a newspaper.

7. He said good-bye to her…her hand in a friendly manner.

8. They stood there mother and son, … at the stranger.

9. The customs officer stood on deck … the boxes.

10. He sat down at the table …his hat on the chair.

10. Read the following extract from a story. Then choose a suitable verb and make it Participle I to complete the passage.

(1) Moving carefully and not (2) …a sound, Douglas slowly made his way towards the window. (3) …through a gap between the curtains, he could see the three men. The fat one, Wiseman, stood by the fireplace, (4) …a cigar and (5) …excitedly to Petersson, the Norwegian. Petersson appeared to be listening intently, (6)…from time to time as if Wiseman was saying something funny. The third man, Wescott, sat on the sofa, (7)… the paper, not (8) …the other two. Suddenly, the door opened and a fourth man came in, (9) …a large suitcase, which he put down on the table, As Douglas stood (10) …the four men in the room, he heard a sound behind him. (11) …round, he could see in the darkness the shape of a man only a few metres away. (12) …his gun out of his jacket, Douglas stepped into the shadow of a tree and waited.

11. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use Participle I. Mind the use of Participle I Perfect. Use when or while where necessary.

Model: I was sitting in the park. I was writing a letter. - I was sitting in the park writing a letter.

1. The woman was driving alone. She was listening to her car radio.

2. I arrived at the examination hall. I was feeling very nervous.

3. Ann was watching television, she fell asleep.

4. We finished our work. We went home.

5. The boy was crossing the road, he was knocked over.

6. Because she is a little deaf, she wears hearing-aid.

7. We bought our tickets. Then we went into the theater.

8. Dick burnt himself. He was cooking his dinner.

9. He ran out of petrol. He was driving to work.

10. He typed the letter, then he put them all in envelopes.

11. He fell off a ladder. He was changing a light bulb.

12. Because he had failed the exam the first time, he decided to take it again.

13. Because I didn’t know his address, I couldn’t contact him.

14. Billy did his task. Then he presented it to his supervisor.

15. Someone works under pressure. He might find it hard to do what is ethically correct.