Which part of the text does each statement refer to?

#1. Offa's daughter was married to the king of one of the southern kingdoms (…)

#2. The gold coins were aimed to be used when selling goods to other countries. (…)

#3. Offa's coinage was of higher quality than some other rulers produced. (…)

#4. King Offa wrote letters to a powerful king of another country. (…)

#5. King Offa made use of what previous kings had achieved (…)

1. King Offa (r. 757–796) of Mercia became one of the most powerful of Anglo-Saxon kings, referred to in later records by the title Rex Anglorum, or king of the English.

2. He built on the achievements of previous Mercian kings, who had established control of London and the strategic center of England.

3. Like many rulers in those dangerous times, Offa came to power after a civil war.

4. After a series of wars he established a loose overlordship over Wessex after marrying one of his daughters to its king.

5. Although he was never able to dominate Northumbria as he did the southern kingdoms, Offa also established a marriage between another daughter and a king of Northumbria.

6. Offa corresponded with the great Frankish king Charlemagne (742–814; r. 768–814), although their relationship was often tense.

7. The coins he minted reached a height in terms of artistic quality for Anglo- Saxon currency and exceeded the quality of contemporary Frankish rulers.

8. They are remarkable for several reasons, for example, Offa’s coins are the only Anglo-Saxon coinage to depict a queen, his consort Cynethryth.

9. King Offa is also one of the few Anglo-Saxon rulers to mint surviving gold coins.

10. The dominant currency of Anglo-Saxon England was the silver penny known as the sceatta, and Offa’s gold coins were probably minted for foreign trade or tribute rather than circulation.

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Which part of the text does each statement refer to?

#1. Scottish kings didn't have full power over the country.(…)

#2. Many different peoples lived at the territory of Scotland.(…)

#3. Power in Scotland was not centralized and some chiefs called themselves kings.(…)

#4. The first king of Scotland ruled in the ninth century. (…)

#5. In the 11^th the Scottish king came to power with the English support. (…)

1. Scotland was home to many peoples, including the Picts of the northeast, the Irish Scots in the west, the Britons in the southwest, the Anglo-Saxons of north Northumbria, and some Scandinavians in the far north and on the islands.

2. Geography made ethnic fragmentation inevitable as hill masses separated the main lowland areas and islands composed much of Scotland’s land surface.

3. Islands and coastal areas that survived by fishing looked outward to the sea rather than inward to the rest of Scotland.

4. It took some time for the Scots to form a united state and identity. The key moment was the formation of the united Scottish-Pictish kingdom of Alba under Scandinavian pressure.

5. The traditional date for the founding of the kingdom is 843, and the traditional founder is Kenneth MacAlpin (r. ca. 843–858), a Scottish king, although contemporary Irish records refer to him as “King of the Picts.”

6. However, the Scottish monarchy had few central institutions, and the king wielded little power in many areas.

7. Power was exercised in the periphery largely independent of the monarchy, and some regional leaders actually referred to themselves as kings.

8. The Scottish monarchy sought to preserve its independence from its neighbors to the south.

9. The English were often trying to interfere into the affairs of their northern neighbour.

10. For example. Malcolm Canmore became the king of Scotland in 1031 with English support.

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