4. Speak about duty collection. What is the basis for it?

The collection of duties and taxes has always been one of the main functions of Customs organization.

In 18^th century the excise collector collected duty.

He made his rounds 8 times a year.

It was a dangerous job: collectors were often attacked and robbed.

In fact collection of the revenue is the responsibility with which customs usually started.

The customs has always supplied the federal budget with the revenue necessary for investment in the economy and in the country’s basic infrastructure, i.e. new schools, roads, hospitals.

5. Free trade zones

In order to encourage the development of the country and to promote its foreign trade free trade zones are usually set up. «A free zone» is a part of the territory which is regarded as being outside the Customs territory, and goods introduced into this part of the territory are not subject to the usual Customs control. Relief from import duties and taxes in respect of these goods is granted. The customs carries out certain control within the free zone to ensure that the operations are in accordance with the Customs regulations.

6. Speak about canine enforcement.

Customs and other law enforcement agencies round the world use a wide variety of dog breeds for drug detection work.

Drug detector dogs are often on show in public areas, that’s why Customs Services prefer to choose dogs of which people are not frightened.

Mainly Labradors, Retrievers, collies, spaniels are used for drug detection work.

The basis for the training is the dog's natural instinct to hunt and retrieve and its desire to please its handler.

There are three types of detector dogs:

Multi - scented, trained to detect Cannabis, heroin, amphetamine, and their derivates. For use in all types of Customs environment, except amongst passengers;

trained as above and for use amongst passengers and their hand luggage;

Trained to detect firearms, ammunition and explosives but not drugs.

Drug dogs are often used during the search.

Many places on board a vessel, means of conveyance are difficult for the dogs to work in but they are trained to for these conditions.

Dogs are not allowed to sniff people, or even get too close to passengers.

But this doesn't mean that dogs cannot be used for drugs concealments on the body.

7. What are the main points of the passenger customs declaration? In what way are they to be answered?

Customs declaration form is a document, which contains information about the passenger.

Almost all countries have forms of one sort or another that the passenger must fill in.

When passenger enters/leaves the country he must fill in an entry/exit customs declaration form.

All the points of the declaration must be answered in full words in block letters.

The passenger is to fill his name, citizenship, country of residence, permanent address, purpose of his visit.

The passenger must also declare all dutiable articles.

Personal belongings may be brought in or taken out duty free.

Money not declared and therefore concealed from the customs control is liable to confiscation as smuggling.

Prohibited or restricted articles though declared are usually detained and the traveler can collect them on his way back.

The entry declaration must be kept by the passenger for the duration of his stay in the country.

He is to present it together with the exit declaration when leaving the country.

For making a written declaration, everything you brought by you must be listed in its price or value.

You do not list articles for personal use, toilet articles and similar personal belongings.

The Customs inspector may reduce the value of a dutiable article which has been used or worn.

When the passenger has filled the declaration he has to put on the date and sign the declaration.

After this it must be presented to the Customs officer on duty together with the passport and visa.