3. Future Tenses

Will + infinitive

We use will when we state a decision made at the moment of speaking and when we say that we think something is likely to happen in the future .

Maria will go to Chicago next year.

We use will when we talk about willingness to do something in the future (e.g. in offers, invitations, requests, and orders) and will not (or won't) when we talk about unwillingness to do something in the future (e.g. reluctance, refusal).

I'll visit her if I have time.

Be going to + infinitive

We use be going to when we state a decision made some time before we report it. Going to is often preferred in informal spoken English (where it is often pronounced) and will is preferred in more formal contexts.

We are not going to buy a new car this summer.

Present simple for the future

We use the present simple to talk about future events that are part of some official arrangement such as a timetable or programme. A time expression is usually used with , the present simple for the future (...at 3.45) unless the time referred to is already clear from the context.

The train arrives at six tomorrow.

Present continuous for the future

We use the present continuous to talk about future activities and events that are intended or have already been arranged. Usually a personal pronoun is used (We... and a future time is mentioned (...next Saturday) or already understood.

I'm having dinner with Tom tomorrow.

Future continuous

We use the future continuous to talk about an activity or event happening at a particular time or over a particular period in the future. We usually mention the future time.

He will probably be sleeping when you return.

Future perfect

The action will take place before another action in the future happens.

By the time she returns, I will have finished my work on the report.

CARD #5

2. A day in the life of a businessman

3. The plural of nouns

Countable nouns can be singular form, unless we are talking about one subject, and the plural, in the case of two or more subjects. Form the plural of most countable nouns is formed by the suffix "-s (-es)", for example: a book - books  a table - tables  In English, there small number of nouns which form the plural form is not a general rule:

man  woman  mouse  tooth  foot  child  ox  goose  sheep  deer  swine

men  women  mice  teeth  feet  children  oxen  geese  sheep  deer  swine

Nouns ending in "-f/-fe", written in the plural of "-ves" or "-s". leaf - leaves  a roof – two roofs There are two forms possible: scarf - scarfs/scarves hoof - hoofs/hooves If a word in the singular ends in "-o", then to him in the plural adds "-es" or "-s". tomato - tomatoes  a photo - two photos Some nouns can have two plural forms: mosquito - mosquitos/mosquitoes tornado - tornados/tornadoes

If a word ends in "-y" preceded by a consonant, the plural is added to it "-es", and the letter "y" becomes "i", if preceded by a vowel, the plural is added to it "-s "For example: army - armies  a boy - two boys family - families  a day – two days Uncountable nouns have only the singular form and are consistent only with the verbs in the singular: Her hair is blond.  The money is on the table.  There are some uncountable nouns, base ending in "-s": news - news, politics - politics, physics - physics, but they can be used only with verbs in the singular. Your news is very interesting.  On the other hand there are the nouns that are used only in the plural form. These are words for objects consisting of two parts: trousers - брюки, braces – подтяжки, or collective nouns troops - войска, goods – товары. These nouns are consistent only with the verb in the plural. There were few people out in the street.  На улице было мало людей.  These trousers are too small for me. 

CARD #6