National economy of ukraine

Since the proclamation of independence in 1991 the national economy of Ukraine has passed a long road from planned to a market-based one. In the course of transition our economy faced some problems the main of which were high inflation, unemployment, recession, low living standards of the population. Due to the numerous economic reforms the state income was balanced against expenses, many inefficient plants were closed down and capital was directed into new advanced industries. The programme of privatization stimulated the revival of many strategic enterprises. In 2006 Ukraine received the status of a market economy.

Ukraine possesses considerable potential in such sectors of economy as heavy industries, especially metallurgy, machine engineering, aerospace technologies, telecommunications. Converted military industrial complexes started to produce consumer goods, particularly those involving high technologies. Among the products of machine building we must mention food-processing machinery, medical equipment, transportation vehicles, construction materials and equipment, small farming machines and home appliances.

Our country is famous for its unique black soil. We expect some progress in agricultural production as the agricultural sector is being reoriented towards the market economy. Nowadays agriculture satisfies the needs of the population in the main food products.

Natural and human resources of Ukraine are sufficient for creating a developed home market and becoming a friendly and equal partner in the world market. Ukraine’s enterprises conduct business transactions with partners all over the world. Among our leading partners are Russia, Germany, the USA, China, Turkey, the Czech Republic, Belarus. Ukraine exports metal, coal, electricity, fertilizers, sugar, vegetable oil. The major import items are oil, gas, timber, cars, knitted wear and clothes, top quality foodstuffs.

Due to her size and favourable geographical position, economic potential and qualified workforce Ukraine plays a significant role in the world economic system.

National economy of great britain

Great Britain is a highly industrialized country: for every person working in agriculture, twelve are employed in industry. British economy is based on private enterprise. Manufacturing accounts for 21 per cent of the gross national product, while service industry output accounts for 65 per cent.

North-west of London there is a very important industrial region where a lot of machine tools are produced. The largest coal and iron fields in Britain are located in Midlands. Manchester is one of the main centres of electrical and heavy engineering. A wide range of gods such as computers, electronic equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals are produced here. Newcastle is famous for its shipbuilding yards and its export of coal. Due to rich deposits of oil and natural gas in the North Sea Great Britain has become self-sufficient in energy. Over half of domestic oil production is exported.

Although Great Britain is an industrial country, agriculture still remains one of its important industries. Dairying is most common in the west of England, sheep and cattle are reared in northern and south-western England.

Britain is one of the world’s leading financial centres. Financial services are a fast growing part of service sector which now provides over 65 per cent of output and two thirds of employment. The fastest growth sectors of service industry in recent years have been leisure, financial services and distribution.

International trade plays a vital role in British economy. Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world. Over 80 per cent of visible exports are manufactured goods. Major British manufacturing exports include electrical, electronic and instrument engineering products, chemicals, motor vehicles and aerospace products, Britain is among the largest exporters of tractors and products of agricultural research such as breeds. The export of services and other invisible items occupies an important place in the economy. Surplus from invisible exports is considered to be the second largest in the world. About half of Britain’s trade is with European Community partners.