- •International marketing 10- Multinational market regions and market groups
- •1) Define:
- •2) Elaborate on the problems and benefits for international marketers from multinational market groups.
- •3) Explain the political role of multinational market groups. Identify the factors on which one may judge the potential success or failure of multinational market group
- •4) Explain the marketing implications of the factors contributing to the successful development of a multinational market group
- •5) Imagine that the usa was composed of many separate countries with individual trade barriers. What marketing effect might be visualized?
- •6) Discuss the possible types of arrangements for regional economic integration.
- •7) Differentiate between a free-trade area and common market. Explain the marketing implications of the differences.
- •9) The European Commission, the Council of Ministers, and the Court of Justice of the ec have gained power in the last decade. Comment
- •11) Us export to the ec are expected to decline in future years. What marketing actions may a company take to counteract such changes?
- •12) “Because they are dynamic and because they have great growth possibilities, the multinational markets are likely to be especially rough and tumble for the external business”. Discuss
- •13) Differentiate between a customs union and a political union.
- •14) Why have African nations had such difficulty in forming effective economic unions?
- •15) Discuss the implication of Europe 1992 on marketing strategy in Europe.
- •16) Discuss the us- Canada Free Trade Agreement.
- •17) Discuss the strategic marketing implications of the Canada-us-Mexico Free Trade Area.
- •18) How is the concept of reciprocity linked to protectionism?
11) Us export to the ec are expected to decline in future years. What marketing actions may a company take to counteract such changes?
Не знаю, касаемо конкретно США, но вот способы входа на рынки ЕС:
- Firm based in several Europe countries with well-established manufacturing and distribution operations in several European countries
- Firms with operations in a single EC country
- Firms that export manufactured goods to the EC from an offshore location
- Firms that have not actively exported to EC countries
Strategies for effective competitiveness in the EC countries are different for each type of firm. The first firm, fully established in several EC countries with local manufacturing, is the best positioned. However, the competitive structure will change under a single Europe. Marketers will have to exploit the opportunities of greater efficiencies of production and distribution that result from lowering the barriers. They will also have to deal with increased competition from European firms as well as other MNCs that will be aggressively establishing market position. A third area of change will require companies to learn how their customers are changing and, thus, how best to market to them.
The second type of firm- with operations in one European country- is vulnerable when barriers come down and competitors enter the company’s market. The firm’s biggest problem in this situation is not being large enough to withstand the competitors from outside the country. The answer is to become larger, or withdraw. There are several choices for this firm: expand through acquisition or merger, enter a strategic alliance with a second company, or expand the company beyond being a local single-country firm to being a pan-European competitor.
The third type of firm, an exporter to European Markets from a non-European source, will be faced with the prospects of protectionist measures by the EC and the difficulty of maintaining a significant market share from offshore. These firm alternatives are: establish a European marketing branch; acquire a European company; or enter a strategic alliance.
The fourth type of company, with no business in the EC, in the most vulnerable. Even with a comfortable position in a home market, there is no guarantee against competition from foreign firms. This firm has only one alternative and that is to become involved in global marketing
12) “Because they are dynamic and because they have great growth possibilities, the multinational markets are likely to be especially rough and tumble for the external business”. Discuss
The possibility of new market barriers to the EC and the expanded NAFTA is troubling to outsiders.
13) Differentiate between a customs union and a political union.
См. Вопрос 6
14) Why have African nations had such difficulty in forming effective economic unions?
Despite the large number and assortment of paper organizations, there has been little actual economic integration. This is generally due to the political instability that has characterized Africa in the last decades and the unstable economic base on which Africa has had to build. The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) has held numerous conferences but has been hampered by governmental inexperience, undeveloped resources, labor problems, and chronic product shortages. Political sovereignty is a new-enough phenomenon to most African nations that they are reluctant to relinquish any part of it without specific and tangible benefits in return