6.21 Translate the following attributive groups.

Storage unit /access time /cycle time /time cycle /data blocks/ storage capacity /storage register /magnetic tape memory device /high speed storage /high speed storage devices /fast access memory /fast access memory device /fast access memory device characteristic /fast access memory device characteristic description.

6.22 Translate the sentences underneath, mind as.

As pron.: such men as knew him те, которые знали его; adv. & conj. 1.как; as follows следующим образом; the same as ... то же самое, что...; as heavy as lead тяжёлый, как свинец; 2.как; as a rule как правило; 3.young as I am хоть я и молод; 4.когда; в то время как; as I reached the door когда /как только я подошёл к двери; 5.если; раз; as you are ready, let us begin поскольку вы уже готовы, давайте начнём. 6.по мере того, как. 7.as far as I know насколько мне известно.

1. Disc memory devices are the same as drums except for shape. 2. As idle drum rotates around its axes the information comes to the proper head. 3. As drum memory is a series type of memory it is relatively slow. 4. As to magnetic core memory it is one of the fastest types of memory. 5. Memory is defined as a device for storing numbers. 6. As you should know, memory is a very impor­tant part of a computer. 7. He is as intelligent as you are. 8. Do as you are told. 9.He came in as I was speaking. 10. Cunning as he is he won't deceive me. 11. She used to work as a teacher. 12. This is the same file as I lost. 13. He was a foreigner as they perceived from his accent. 14. You will be paid according as you work. 15. The letter reads as follows… 16. As for me, you may rely upon me. 17. I am a specialist and will be treated as such.

6.23 a) To revise the Infinitive constructions, translate the sentences.

E.g. Everybody knows a computer to be a complex electronic device. Все знают, что компьютер – это сложное электронное устройство.

1.Magnetic drums are known to store large amounts of information. 2.The disadvantage of drum memo­ries is known to bе their slow access time. 3.Core memory is considered to be a very fast memory device. 4.Laser beam me­mories are likely to be used in the nearest future. 5.This me­mory device appears to be most efficient. 6.Access time require­ments cause the designers to develop new memory devices. 7.We can make a computer do everything that can be expressed as a series of arithmetic operations. 8.The whole plan ought to be junked. 9.You ought to have told me that yesterday. 10.We ought to examine the results well. 11.We ought to have the doctor examine her. 12.I shall very likely see you again. 13.The telegram ought to reach him within two hours. 14.That would be his house. 15.We are sure to catch the seven o'clock train in time. 16.He is sure to be through with his work by that time. 17.You are sure to like him. 4. She is sure to enjoy her holiday on the Black Sea.

b)Use some of above-mentioned sentences in a natural context (a situation /a dialogue).

c) Change the sentences into the Passive form. The words italicized will be the sub­jects of the passive sentences.

1. You cannot expect children to understand these problems. 2. They announced the arrival of the next train over the loudspeakers. 3. No one has climbed this mountain before. 4. They disappeared and no one has seen them ever since. 5.Did he repair his car in his own garage? 6. They published her first book last year. 7. Can you fix this error yourself? 8. He should have checked this exercise before he handed it in. 9. They have proved all these calculations (to be) wrong. 10.No one has improved this computer for 3 last years. 11. I cannot help it if he doesn't come. 12. You must cure your software of the virus unless you want to lose all the data.

6.24 a) Complete the sentences according to Text 6C₂.

1. Storage is the part of a computer which... 2. Access time is the time... 3.The capacity of a memory defines the volume of information… 4. A magnetic drum is... 5. A magnetic core is…

b) Give definitions to the following.

Storage or memory /access time /capacity of a memory /drum memory /magnetic core memory /magnetic tape /magnetic disc /thin film.

a) Role-play Dialogue 6.25; b) Make up a similar one based on Text 6C_2.

What Is CD, I Wonder?

- What is CD, I wonder?

• CD stands for Compact Disc. It is a digital audio disc that contains up to 72 minutes of hi-fi stereo sound. D’you follow me?

• I get it right. What are its main features as a storage unit?

• The disc is a plastic platter 4.75" in diameter, recorded on one side, with individual selections playable in any sequence ['si:kwqns].

• “Playable in any sequence” means one can play through any record from it, doesn’t it?

• That’s right. That’s very convenient. None of former gramophone records or cassettes are to be compared with CD from this point of view.

• Does CD have a long history?

• The CD was introduced in 1982. Sound is converted into digital code by sampling the sound waves 44,056 times per second and converting each sample into a 16-bit number. It requires approximately 1.5 million bits of storage for each second of stereo hi-fi sound.

• What happened to the phonograph?

• The audio CD was introduced in the U.S. in 1983. Three years later, sales of CDs and CD players exceeded sales of record and cassette ones. Unlike phonograph records, in which the platter contains "carved sound waves," CDs are recorded in digital form as microscopic pits (binary code) covered by a clear, protective plastic layer. Instead of a needle vibrating in the groove, a laser shines onto the pits and the reflections are decoded. Audio CDs, as well as CD-ROMs, use a spiral recording track just like the phonograph record.

• But there are some different kinds of compact discs? Am I right?

• I have your idea. Other forms of CDs (CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA, CD-I and DVI) all stem from the audio CD. There’s one point more. Documentation for various CD formats are found in books commonly known by the color of their covers. They are the following: Red Book - Audio CDs; Yellow Book - CD-ROM; Orange Book - Write-once (Photo CD, etc.); Green Book - CD-I; White Book - Video CD.

• Can you add something as to the quality of the CDs’ sound. Does it differ very much from the analogue one?

• You see, I think digital is the best existing quality for sound. Digital sound is so clear because the numbers are turned into sound electronically. There's no needle pops and clicks as there are with phonograph records (there's also no tape hiss if the original recording was digital). In addition, the CD can handle a wider range of volume (dynamic range), providing more realism. A soft whisper can be interrupted by a loud cannon blast. If a phonograph record were recorded with that much dynamic range, the needle would literally jump out of the groove.

• Oh, I get you.

c) Using the information below make up a similar dialogue.

DVD (Digital VideoDisc) The next-generation video CD and high-capacity CD-ROM. There are currently two competing standards. The first method is the MultiMedia CD (MMCD) from Sony and Philips, which defines a two-layer disk that yields 3.7GB of data per layer. It provides 5.1 channel sound. The second is the Super Density (SD) format from Toshiba, Time Warner and others, which defines a double-sided CD that holds 10GB. It provides up to eight 5.1 channel soundtracks for foreign languages and 32 subtitle channels. Both methods use *MPEG-2 compression and provide visual quality between VHS tape and LaserDisc. The target video length is 135 minutes, which covers most films. This is not a guaranteed amount, because the data rate varies depending on how much action takes place on screen. One or both of these formats should become popular in the 1996-1997 timeframe. The DVD is expected to eventually obsolete LaserDiscs and VHS tape rentals as well as become the digital movie medium for personal computers.

*MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) An ISO/ITU standard for compressing video. MPEG-2 is a full-screen video standard used in upcoming DVD media that hold significantly more data than current-day CDs.

Prereading Discussion

Are you an experienced PC user? Have you a personal computer at your disposal? Was it easy or difficult for you to learn how to use it? How much time a day do you spend in front of the computer? Would you say you are a computer-literate person, a novice or an expert? Do you find most computers user-friendly? Do you use e-mail? If yes, how often, how far, how easy, how fast? Do you use CD/DVD-ROM/RW? If so, what discs do you use and why? What do you mainly use your computer for?

Who taught you to use the computer? Who is teaching you? How old should a person be to begin computing? When would you allow your child first to start computing? Do you think the Internet has an great influence on our daily life? Do you think it is important for the Internet users from different countries to learn English? What software are you familiar with? What software do you use for your work? Do you elaborate programs while working or studying?

Text 6 D