6.8 A) Read the following to know better mathematical expressions.

In Terms of Figures

Mathematics treats of the calculi. There are such mathematical expressions for each of four rules of arithmetic as: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.

1. Addition [q'dIS(q)n]:

3 + 5 = 8. Three plus five are (is; is equal to, make(s), equals) eight. 3 & 5 are items ['aItqm] / summands; 8 is a sum (total resulting from addition).

2. Subtraction:

10 - 7 = 3. Ten minus seven are (is; is equal to, make(s), equals) three.

10 is a minuend ['mInju(:)end]; 7 is a subtrahend ['sAbtrqhend], 3 is the difference (remainder left after subtraction); (6 – 6 = 0) 6 from 6 leaves nought [nO:t].

3) Multiplication ["mAltIplI'keIS(q)n]:

4 x 6 = 24 (x - times). Four times (multiplied ['mAltIplaId] by) six is twenty-four. 4, 6 are multipliers ['mAltIplaIqs] (factors); 24 is a product ['prOdAkt] (quantity obtained by multiplying)

4) Division [dI'vIZ(q)n]:

21 : 3 = 7 (: - divided [dI'vaIdId] by). Twenty-one divided by three is seven.

21 is a dividend ['dIvIdend] (number to be divided); 3 is a divisor [dI'vaIzq] (number by which another is divided); 7 is a quotient ['kwquS(q)nt] (result of a division sum).

5) How should we read fractions ['frxkS(q)nz]?

There are common (simple /vulgar ['vAlgq]) and decimal ['desIm(q)l] fractions.

• Common /simple /vulgar fractions: ½ - a /one half,

1 is a numerator ['nju:mqreItq], 2 is a denomina­tor [dI'nOmIneItq];

⅝ - five eights; ⅔ - two thirds; 5 ½ - five and a (one) half.

• Decimal fractions: 0.3 nought [nO:t] point three; 11.05 eleven point zero five; 19.12 nineteen point twelve; 0.835 (nought) point eight three five.

We can re­duce common fractions to a common denominator or reduce a common fraction to a decimal.

b) Answer the following questions /do the sums.

1) What does mathematics treat of?

2) What is the English for: сложение, вычитание, умножение, деление?

3) What is the English for: слагаемое, сумма, вычитаемое, уменьшаемое?

4) What is the English for: делимое, делитель, частное?

5) What is the English for: множитель, произведение, умножить, разделить, равняется?

6) Multiply 36 by 2.

7) Divide 125 by 5.

8) Subtract 16 from 58.

9) Add 12 to 49.

10) What is the English for: обычные /десятичные дроби, ноль, числитель, знаменатель, приводить к общему знаменателю, превращать простую дробь в десятичную?

11) What is the singular for calculi?

12) What fractions can be reduced to a common denominator?

13) How much is three times seven (7 multiplied by 3)?

14) How can we re­duce common fractions ?

c) Read the fractions: ⅓; 1⅔; ⅛; 5⅜; ⅝; ⅞; 1.324; 7.83; 9.11; 0.34; 5.0713.

d) Read the figures: ¹/₅, 1^th, 2^th, 3^th, 5, 15, 50, 500, 5^th, 3, 13, 30, 30^th, ⅓, 365, 1,000, 1,000,000, 578, 895, ½, ⅔, ³/₈, 1 ⅔, 0.5, 0.05, 1.45, 2⁴/₇, 15,100,072, 409.

e) Read & do the following sums:

116 – 37; 54 + 11; 86 : 43; 3 x 15.

f) Ask your partner to do some sums, begin with: How much is… ?

6.9 Before reading the text underneath, match the words in the table below with their Russian meanings & definitions.

clip­board sty­lus screen grid volt­age pixel tem­plate

щит, эк­ран; ре­шёт­ка; сеть элек­тро­пе­ре­дач; на­пря­же­ние; эле­мент изо­бра­же­ния; шаб­лон; дос­ка с за­жи­мом для бу­ма­ги; гра­ви­ро­валь­ная иг­ла; ре­зец

sur­face on which pic­tures or data are shown elec­tri­cal force pat­tern used as a guide for cre­at­ing let­ters or char­ac­ters in­di­vid­ual dot on a com­puter screen net­work of lines cross­ing at right an­gles pointed im­ple­ment for draw­ing or writ­ing port­able board with a clip at the top for hold­ing pa­pers

Text 6B