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1. Can, could, be able to

1. Модальный глагол can и его форма прошедшего времени could выражают:

способность или умение

Не сап read.

Не could read before he was five.

I couldn't pronounce the word correctly.

Он умеет читать.

Он умел читать, когда ему не было пяти.

Я не мог произнести слово правильно.

возможность, создаваемую обстоятельствами

You can buy there anything you want.

I couldn't phone him before nine.

Ты можешь купить там все, что хочешь.

Я не мог позвонить ему до девяти.

разрешение, запрещение

Can I ask you a question?

You can use my phone.

You can't smoke here

Могу я задать вам вопрос?

Можете позвонить от меня.

Здесь нельзя курить.

Форма could может употребляться в контексте настоящего времени в значении вежливой просьбы.

Could you answer my question?

Could yои tell me the time?

Вы не могли бы ответить на мой вопрос?

He подскажете, который час?

Формы can't и couldn't используются в тех случаях, когда ответ, скорее всего, будет «нет», или в тех случаях, когда в разрешении было отказано ранее: Can't/ Couldn't we stay just a little bit longer, please.

Поскольку can имеет только две временные формы, саn (для настоящего време­ни) и could (для прошедшего времени), для выражения будущего времени вместо саn используется оборот be able to, который также может употребляться в настоящем и будущем временах, а также во временах группы Perfect и после модальных глаголов.

I can phone him today.

He isn't able play the piano because her hand hurts.

I'll be able to phone him in the evening.

I haven't been able to sleep well lately.

I could phone him yesterday.

Он не может играть на пианино, потому, что у него болит рука.

Я смогу позвонить ему вечером.

В последнее время я не могу хорошо спать.

Форма could как форма прошедшего времени указывает только на возмож­ность совершения действия в прошлом. Для того чтобы показать, что действие было или не было совершено в прошлом, следует употреблять глагол to manage или оборот be able to.

I could get him on the phone.

I managed to get him on the phone.

I wasn 't able to start the car.

Я мог до него дозвониться.

Я сумел (мне удалось) до него дозвониться.

Мне не удалось завести машину.

ФОРМЫ

утвердительная

отрицательная

Present

сan

am/are/is able to

can't/cannot

am not/aren't/isn't able to

Past

сould

was/were able to

couldn't/could not

wasn't/weren't able to

Future

will be able to

won't be able to

1.1. Put general and special questions to the sentences below using can, could and be able to. Give positive and negative answers.

e.g. He can leave today. Can he leave today? Yes, he can. He can leave. No, he can't. He can't leave. Who can leave today?

He could leave yesterday. Could he leave yesterday? Yes, he could. He could leave. No, he couldn't. He couldn't leave. Who could leave yesterday?

He will be able to leave tomorrow. Will he be able to leave tomorrow? Yes, he will. He'll be able to leave. No, he won't. He won't be able to. Who will be able to leave tomorrow?

1. My brother can watch TV from morning till evening. 2. My sister can speak English very well. 3. Our colleague can answer any question. 4. My aunt can sing any song. 5. This computer program can correct any mistake. 6. My colleagues can help me to translate this application. 7. My sister could play the piano very well when she was a child. 8. Yesterday I could go to the theatre, but I was tired and went home. 9. We could continue our work yesterday, but we decided to relax. 10. This vase could cost a lot of money. 11. He could lose his mobile telephone at the college. 12. My sister will be able to help you tomorrow. 13. Next week my uncle will be able to finish his book. 14. We'll be able to go to the cinema next week. 15. These students will be able to study German next year.

1.2 A. Give the forms of the modal verb can and to be able (to) using the verb to be in all the possible tenses (in the affirmative, interrogative and negative) in the sentences given below.

Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. He can't walk so quickly. 2. I can memorize many words at once.

3. I could not go to your place yesterday, as I was busy. 4. We can choose our profession according to our taste. 5. Could you give me your notes on phonetics for a day or two? 6. She can take her examinations in June. 7. A new-born puppy cannot see. 8. I can smell something burning. 9. We can buy a new house now. 10.You can park here.

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