1. Answer the questions:

What is the bank?

What types of banks exist in most countries?

What functions do central banks perform?

What kind of institution is a commercial bank?

What is the difference between a national bank and a commercial bank?

What is characteristic of merchant bank (Investment bank, savings bank)?

2. Translate into English:

Установа, надавати фінансові послуги, банківська справа, Національний банк України, піклуватись про монетарну політику, приймати депозити, надавати позику, прибуток, торговельний банк, придбання контрольного пакета акцій, Злиття, ощадний рахунок.

TEXT: BANKING SERVICES

banking facilities банківські послуги, банківські операції

repay (v) розрахуватися; повертати (борг)

rate of interest позиковий процент

overdraft перевищення кредиту; овердрафт

direct debit пряме дебетування

standing order постійне доручення

transfer (v) переказувати (гpoшi)

diversify (v) різноманітити (діяльність);

insurance страхування

Modern banks offer many services to businesses as well as to individual customers. The service menu of banks does not remain unchanged as new services are constantly being introduced.

Here are some of the most widely used banking facilities:

A credit card enables the holder to buy goods and repay the credit card issuer at a later date.

A loan is an amount of money borrowed from the bank which must be repaid at a fixed rate of interest.

A mortgage is a loan to buy property.

An overdraft is a loan made by a bank to a customer so he/she may take out more money than is actually in a bank account.

As well as offering credit facilities, banks provide services to allow customers to make payments:

Direct debit is a system of paying bills, etc. by having money automatically transferred from a bank account.

A standing order is an arrangement with a bank to pay a certain amount to another person or organization at regular intervals.

Most banks offer a foreign exchange service - the facility to change money from one currency to another.

In recent years banks have diversified, and now offer such services as insurance, investment advice and home-banking (telephone and Internet) facilities.

1. Answer the questions:

Whom do modern banks offer their services?

What does the credit card enable the holder?

What is a mortgage?

What is an overdraft?

What is Direct debit?

What kind of an arrangement is a standing order?

TEXT: BUSINESS LETTER

Letter-writing is an essential part of business. In spite of the development of telephone, telex and telegraphic communication the writing of letters continues. In fact most telephoned and telegraphed messages have to be confirmed by letters.

So every good businessman should be competent in writing effective business letters in English. Business letters are usually typed on notepaper bearing a specially designed heading which provides the reader of the letter with essential information about the organization sending it.

The ordinary business letter consists of the following principle parts:

1. the heading which includes: the company's name and address, its telephone numbers and telegraphic addresses, the type of business it is engaged in, its telex code etc.;

2. the date (day, month and уear) in English business letters is typed on the right-hand side. It is customary to type the date in full, not just in figures e.g.2nd Apr, 2006which is pronounced, "the second of April twenty zero six".

3. the inside address is the name and address of the company you write to. They are typed on the left-hand side against the margin. The order is following:

• the name of the addressee or his position

• the name of the company

• the number of the house and the name of the street

• the name of the city (town)

• the name of the country

The use of the code as a part of the address speeds delivery.

4. the salutation is below the address the words "Dear Sirs" are typed when a letter is addressed to a company. If the letter is addressed to an individual, the most usual forms are: "Dear Sir" for a man and "Dear Madam" for a woman (it includes both married and single women). These are the usual greetings in English business letters. Americans prefer "Gentlemen" and if they use "Dear Sirs" or "Dear Madam", they use them with a colon instead of a comma.

If this correspondent is known to you personally, or if your firm has traded with his firm for some time, you may use a warmer and more friendly greeting "Dear Mr. Brown".

5. the subject heading indicates the subject-matter of the letter (its topic), thus enabling the reader to see immediately what the letter is about.

6. the opening paragraph will often state the subject-matter of the letter by giving the date of the letter, which is being answered, and the writers feelings on the subject: pleasure, regret, surprise or gratitude. A short opening sentence will often attract attention more successfully than a longer one.

e.g.: a) In reply to your letter of2^nd Mar. this year vie would like to inform you...

b) With reference to your Order No. 256 ...

7. the body of the letter it is text, its message. A letter should only deal with one specific subject. Business letters should be simple, clear, polite and brief. That means using simple, natural, short words and sentences, avoiding repetition or needless words and information. To make a letter easier to read, divide it into paragraphs, each paragraph dealing with one aspect of the subject. If the letter is lengthy, the paragraphs may be given hedings. If more pages than one are written, they should be numbered.

8. the dosing paragraph serves as a summary of what has been discussed before and what is going to be the next step.

e.g.: a) We hope to establish fruitful business relations with your company,

b) We look forward to hearing from you soon.

9. the complimentary dose it is a polite way of ending a letter.

10.the signature. Business letters are signed by hand in ink, clearly and legibly. The same style must always be adopted. The writer's name and title are typed below the signature.

11. Enclosure (Enc., Encl.,) If there is an enclosure to the letter, it should be indicated by typing the word "Enclosure" or its abbreviation "Enc." in the bottom left-hand corner of the page below the Signature. You should write the number of enclosures if there is more than one, and the names of the documents in them, and the number of pages.

The Secretary, 2^ndFebr, 2006

The Western Wheat Co.Plc, (The date)

64, Darwin Road,

LIVERPOOL.16

England

(The inside address)

Dear Sir,

(The opening Salutation)

Abt: ORDER No.1367

(The Subject Heading)

We thank you for your letter of 23^rd of January and are writing to inform you that....

(The Opening paragraph)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(The body of the Letter)

We hope to establish fruitful business relations with your company and expect your reply as soon as possible.

(The Closing Paragraph)

Yours faithfully,

(The Complim entary Closing)

per pro, THE ORIENTAL TRADING CO.

J. Brown

Manager

(The Signaturе)

Enc: Invoice (2 pages)(Enclosures and postscripts)

TEXT: TELEPHONING

People engaged in trade with foreign countries have to use various means of Communication: telephone conversations, personal contacts (meetings, business talks), letters, telexes, telegrams (cables), telecopies (facsimiles).

Telephoning is the quickest way of communication. It is used, as a rule, to get or pass on information. Important telephone conversations, e.g. concerning prices, terms of payment or claims, are to be confirmed by letter.

If you want to ring somebody up, you pick up the receiver, wait for the dialing tone and then dial your number (or press the button 0- If you are not sure of the number, you look it up in the telephone directory (book).

There are some rules which will help you to become a successful telephone user:

• identify yourself and your company

• ask the caller to identify himself / herself

• explain the reason for die call and ask for a connection

• take or leave a message if necessary

• make an appointment

• end the call (sign off)

In the telephone conversation the speakers folk wed a number of steps when handling and exchanging information in particular:

• clarifying information

• asking for repetition

• asking for spelling

• showing understanding

• correcting information

• confirming information

DIALOGUE 1

A: MGL Company. Can I help you?

B: Can I speak to Mr Edwards, please?

A: I'm afraid he is very busy now, he is having a meeting. Can I take a message?

B: Well, this is John Rey speaking. I'm calling from my Ukrainian office. I'm visiting our suppliers here. Can you ask Mr Edwards to call me back?

A: Certainly. Could you tell me the telephone number of your Ukrainian office, please?

B: Yes, it is 332 223. Thank you. Good-buy.

DIALOGUE 2

A: Black and white Company. What can I do for you?

B: This is Pete Edwards from MGL Company. Could I speak to Mrs. Phillips?

A: Just a moment, I'll put you through.

C: Susan Phillips speaking,

B: Hello, Susan. This is Pete Edwards. How are you?

C: Fine. I'm just phoning to see if we could fix a meeting for next week.

C: Yes, of course. We've got to discuss next year's order. Just a moment. I'll get my diary... Right, next week...?

B: Could you manage Tuesday?

C: I'm sorry. I'm out all day on Tuesday.

B: What about Friday then?

C: Yes, Friday in the morning would suit me fine.

B: Good, that suits me too. Shall we say 10 o'clock?

C: Fine. So at 10 o'clock here then?

TEXT: TELEPHONE ETIQUETTE

to call/to ring up телефонувати, дзвонити по телефону

to answer the call відповісти на дзвінок

to call back передзвонити

busy / engaged зайнятий

free /clear вільний

buzzing гудок

to connect (to put through) з'єднати

dial диск, циферблат; набирати номер

receiver слухавка

to pick ар брати, знімати (трубку)

switchboard комутатор

to cut off роз'єднати

to hang up (to put down the receiver) вішати слухавку

to hold the line тримати трубку, не вішати слухавку

The techniques of telephoning are very much the same in all countries. Only remember your good telephone manners:

1. When talking on the telephone - speak clearly. Don't shout and take your cigarette out of your mouth.

2. Make sure that your conversation with a busy person is as brief as possible.

3. When calling a friend who does not recognize your voice - don't play: "Guess who?" Announce yourself promptly.

4. When you get a wrong number don't ask: "What number is this?" It is good manners to ask: "Is this two-three-four-five-six?" If not - apologize.

5. If wrong-number call comes through don't lose your temper. Simply say: "Sorry, wrong number' - and hang up. Don't bang the receiver.

6. Always identify yourself when making a call, especially if you are calling on business, e.g. 'This is Mr Volkov of the Ukrainian Trade Mission. Could I speak to Mr Johns...?"

7. If yon have a visitor, do not carry on a long chat while your visitor tries hard to avoid listening to your conversation. The best thing to do is to say you are busy at the moment and... "May I call you back in a little while?" But don't forget to do so.

8. When inviting friends to a party do not ask: "What are you doing Saturday night?" or "Will you be busy on Saturday night?" The correct way is to say: "We'd like to have you over for dinner on Saturday."

9. If you don't understand or hear the other person properly say: "Sorry, I didn't quite catch that" or just, "I'm sorry?" or "Sorry, I don't understand." Remember that it is not polite to say: "Please repeat!"

10. Finally, remember: if you make the call, you should terminate it yourself. Do not "drag it out"

Remember: before starting a telephone conversation smile, that will make your voice sound friendly.

TEXT: АРРLICATION OF COMPUTERS

storage пам'ять, зберігання даних

datastorage база даних

to compute обчислювати

to count рахувати

to process data обробляти дані

to do weather forecasting зробити прогноз погоди

The computer is no doubt the most amazing achievement of mankind. It is a data storage system created by man. A human tells the machine what to do, when to do it and how it should be done.

The word "computer" comes from a Litin word which means "to count". The first programmed computer which operated successfully was built in 1939 by professor of Harward University.

Nowadays computers are getting deeper and deeper into our life. Hundreds of computers are already in daily use. They penetrate almost into all spheres of our modern society, from nuclear energy production and missile design to the processing of bank checks, weather forecasting, manufacturing, research and medical diagnoses. Many countries have introduced computers into agriculture, education, transport and many other spheres. Computers provide security and safety of various processes, diagnose numerous cases and do a lot in monitoring different developments.

In short, they help to carry out increasingly complex tasks and their application sometimes helps to prevent disasters, tragedies and accidents.

Many people have a high degree of computer literacy. Computer games are also now very popular among children, young men and grown-ups.