5. Theoretical model of Concept: peculiarities of its content; its components; structure of Concept, linguistic representative of Concept.

Concept – individual personal (or group, e.g. cultural, professional, age, gender) subjective knowledge of a fragment of reality (external or internal). Integrating concepts form a system (cluster) of concepts – Picture of the World – which reflects, being realized in communication, peculiarities of individual perception and understanding the world.

Being formed it includes different knowledge gained by a man during his experience. Thus, such versions of knowledge as meanings (the idea that a reference or a language sign denoting the reference represents) and notions (the total sum of cognized essential signs of a reference) are integrated in it.

Theoretically Structure of Concept is traditionally presented as a circle with the nucleus, around-nuclear zone (or zone of the closest periphery), zone of periphery and zone of the farthest periphery (e.g., by Maslova, V.Karasik, G.Slishkin, etc.). If generalizing, it can be comprehended as nucleus and periphery where a nuclear keeps the main notion and periphery – all that is collected by culture, traditions, history, national and personal experience.

Nucleus contains individual personal (or group) notion of a fragment of reality;

Around-nuclear zone is formed with associative to the nucleus meanings;

Periphery includes other associative meanings which relate to the meanings of the around-nucleus zone;

Farthest periphery refers to other, usually situated, associations.

For example: Truth / Lie; Life; Man / Woman (our practical classes).

Structure of Concept can also be metaphorically compared with an iceberg.

The top of it will be presented with a linguistic name or lexical representative (how a concept can be called with a means of a language; or how it can be materialized with the means of a language in a social communicative process or in a literary text).

The core of ‘iceberg’ (through the whole ‘iceberg’) will concentrate individual personal (or group) cognitive-affective subjective notion of a fragment of reality. The more fundamental for an individual or for a group it will be, the deeper ‘underwater’ / consciousness it will inhabit.

Around-core or periphery zone will include different associative meanings related to the core.

For example: Truth / Lie; Life; Man / Woman; “Cat in the Rain”, any other examples from our practical classes.

6. Classification of concepts: principles of distinguishing and classifying types of concepts in Occidental and Home cognitive linguistic study; types of concepts in Occidental and in Home classifications.

Being complex multisided phenomenon Concept can present, being verbalized, different shades of knowledge contained in that and various shades of reflected reality. Thus, referring to different fragments of reality, concepts can form definite classes of concepts united on the principle of paradigmatic similarity.

Classification of concepts in Home and Occidental Cognitive Linguistics differs as each grounds their approaches on different paradigmatic similarities: Home Cognitive Linguistics bases classification on the principle of semantic similarity, whereas Occidental – on the principle of analytical similarity.

Home classification distinguishes types of concepts as follows:

1. Concept of space, time and matter (e.g. infinity, eternity, substance, etc).

2. C. of natural phenomena (e.g. rain, sky, light, etc.).

3. C. of Man \ Human understanding (e.g. fool, creator, eccentric, etc.).

4. C. of social notions, laws and relationships (e.g. freedom, war, friendship, society, etc.).

5. C. of morality (e.g. truth, lie, goodness, evil, etc.).

6. C. of emotional sphere (e.g. happiness, joy, entertainment, grief, sorrow, etc.).

7. Concepts-artifacts (an object that is made by a person, especially sth of historical or cultural interest) (e.g. house, wheel, computer, etc.).

Occidental classification distinguishes types of concepts as follows:

1. Concept-scheme: when in the language meaning of a concept its form or structure is emphasized (e.g. computer, bow and arrow, etc.).

2. Concept-frame: when language conceptual information is presented like a shot, a picture (e.g. wedding, dinner, funeral, New Year, etc.).

3. Concept-scenario: what is happening is presented; the concept becomes a motive in personal activity (e.g. honesty, motherhood, etc.).

4. Concept-script: what will happen can be predicted; expectations (e.g. crime (punishment as a variant of response), disease (death as a variant of response), mistake (experience as a variant of response), etc.).

Existence of different approaches does not mean though that a concept cannot be interpreted from the point of view of both principles, both classifications.

For example:

Wheel: as a concept-artifact on the ground of Home classification #1, and a concept-scheme from the point of view of Occidental classification.

Guilt: as a concept of emotional sphere (Home) and a concept-script (Occidental).