- •Английский язык Учебно-методическое пособие для самостоятельной работы по английскому языку
- •Оглавление
- •Методическая записка.
- •Unit 1. Language practice and writing
- •I. Review Present tenses
- •II. Write e-mail to your friend telling all about yourself and your students’ life. Use the questions in present tenses:
- •Unit 2. Language practice and writing
- •I. Review Past tenses
- •II. Write a story about your grandparents. Ask questions about past events. Unit 3. Reading and writing
- •I. Read the text and match the following sentences to the correct paragraphs.
- •II. Read the text and draw up a map of the places, conquered by Alexander the Great.
- •Unit 4. Language practice and writing
- •I. Review Perfect tenses
- •II. Write curriculum vitae. Use the following headings in cv:
- •Unit 5. Language practice, translating and writing
- •I. Review Auxiliary verbs – be, have, do
- •II. Read and translate the text. Find more information about people, mentioned in the text and write an essay. Alexander the Great
- •Unit 6. Language practice, reading and translating
- •I. Review the passive voice
- •II. Read and translate the text. Write an essay on Ottoman Empire
- •Unit 7. Reading, translating and discussing
- •I. Read and translate the text. Discuss the Paris Peace Accord and express your opinion on articles.
- •II. Underline passive verb groups. Unit 8. Language practice, translating and writing
- •I. Defining and Non-defining relative clauses
- •Ottoman Empire
- •Palestine Before wwi
- •Unit 9. Reading, translating and writing
- •I. Conditional clauses
- •I. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
- •1. Watch the video “Spartacus”. Find your own solutions to problems discussed in the film.
- •2. Write an essay on Spartacus. Find more information about Spartacus from Internet and other sources. Make your own predictions, using conditional clauses.
- •III. Read and translate the text in writing. Give a summary of the text. Peace treaty of Cadesh
- •IV. Writing a narrative
- •1. Narrative.
- •2. Watch the video “Elizabeth: The Golden Age”. Make up a narrative of the events.
- •Unit 10. Language practice, reading, speaking and writing
- •I. Review Reported speech: Reporting the past
- •Persian wars
- •Unit 11. Language practice, reading and writing
- •I. Can, could, may, might - possibility
- •World War I
- •Unit 12. Language practice, watching video and writing
- •I. Linking words.
- •Homeless in the usa
- •Getting ready for the exam texts for written translation Stalin's Reign and the Great Purges
- •Northern Ireland Peace Accord.
- •Speaking and discussing
- •The world since 9/11
- •Us Foreign Policy
- •British Foreign Policy
- •Problems with Africa
- •Russia and Eastern Europe
- •Israel and The Middle East
- •European Union (eu)
- •International relations after the Second World War
- •International law
- •Alexander the Great Text 1
- •Text 10
- •Text 11
- •Text 12
- •Text 13
- •Text 14
- •Text 15
- •Text 16
- •Key to exercises
- •I. Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
- •660041, Г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79
- •660041, Г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 82а
Text 12
The Macedonians (who were grossly outnumbered) wanted to attack the Persians at night, but Alexander would not take advantage of Darius' vulnerability. Believing he would ultimately defeat the Persian ruler, Philip's son wanted to face his enemy on the battlefield in the light of day. Only then, he reasoned, after a fairly fought fight, would Darius cease to wage war against the Macedonians. The exact location of the Gaugamela battle is not clear. Many scholars think it was at Tel Gomel which is east of modern Mosul. Historical descriptions paint the scene as just east of the Tigris River. The fighting took place in October, 331 B.C. Darius wanted to fight on a flat plain which would benefit his numerically superior and specially recruited cavalry forces. He also used scythed chariots and, before the battle, ordered bushes and vegetation removed from the battlefield to maximize the chariots' effectiveness. Before the Battle of Gaugamela, Macedonians had never seen elephants. Darius used about fifteen of them - some scholars think the number was as high as fifty - supported by Indian chariots. Alexander, meanwhile, personally commanded the Macedonian right flank. Alexander's men slaughtered the Persians, but once again Darius escaped - this time due, in large part, to strategic mistakes by Parmenion, Alexander's general. The former Persian emperor fled to Arbela (modern-day Arbil). (Note, however, the contemporary story of the battle, written on a cuneiform tablet, which states that Darius' troops deserted him. A Macedonian had thus supplanted the Persian Emperor as a ruler in Asia. Alexander was crowned in a lavish ceremony in Arbela. Darius, still on the run, was gone from the city by the time the Macedonians arrived. Alexander sent letters to all Greek cities in Asia Minor, advising them that he had banished tyranny from the land.
The rich cities of Babylon and Susa were the next Persian towns to fall. When he reached Persepolis, capital of the Persian Empire, Alexander allowed his army to rest. Four months later, before they left Persepolis, the Macedonians burned the royal palace. In 330, trouble developed in Alexander's inner circle. Allegations of a plot to kill him were brought against some of his officers, including Philotas, a lifelong friend. He was shortly executed. Months later, after a night of heavy drinking, Alexander's close friend Cleitus, son of Parmenion, hurtled insults against him. Annoyed, Alexander ran his spear through Cleitus. When he realized he'd killed his close Companion, Alexander was so upset he nearly committed suicide. Following the rest at Persepolis, Alexander continued to pursue Darius. When he finally caught up with him, Darius was already dead. His own men had killed him in his coach. Alexander rewarded the assassin's treachery with execution but gave Darius a royal funeral. Although Alexander and his men were winning victory after victory in Persia, there were major differences between Greek and Persian culture. Trying to reconcile some of those disparities, Alexander married Roxane, a Persian woman from Bactria (today's northern Afghanistan). He encouraged his men to likewise marry Persian women. Some of Alexander's troops thought their leader had gone too far when he began to wear Persian instead of Macedonian clothing. The sheer force of his magnetic personality, however, convinced them to stick with their general. He would next lead them to battle in India, the land of elephants.