- •Предисловие
- •Рекомендации по организации самостоятельной работы
- •Как нужно развивать технику письма на английском языке:
- •2. The Revised Kyoto Convention
- •Customs conventions and recomendations
- •Working on the text
- •The Revised Kyoto Convention
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.9. Summary: Write down a Summary of the text “The Revised Kyoto Convention”. Ex.10. Text rendering: Render the text “The Revised Kyoto Convention”.
- •Grammar revision
- •The London Dungeon
- •Working on the article Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Tasks for the article
- •Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Kyoto Protocol heated bra developed
- •Ex.13. Discussion: student a’s questions
- •2. The Istanbul Convention
- •The hs Convention
- •Working on the text
- •The Istanbul Convention Convention relating to temporary admission
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Anti-tobacco treaty begins (from: www. Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Anti-tobacco treaty begins
- •Additional tasks
- •2. The cites
- •The tir convention
- •Working on the text
- •What is cites?
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Hadran’s wall
- •Working on the article un agrees to ban on ivory trade (from: www. Breakingnewsenglish.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Un agrees to ban on ivory trade
- •Ex.12. Read and fill in the spaces. Un agrees to ban on ivory trade
- •Ex.18. Student poaching survey: Write five good questions about elephant poaching. Ex.19. Discussion
- •Ex.21. Speaking
- •Ex.22. Language: correct word: Put the correct words from a–d below in the article. Un agrees to ban on ivory trade
- •Ex.23. Writing: Write about the elephants and ivory for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper. Additional tasks
- •2. Customs enforcement and compliance
- •Customs technologies
- •Working on the text
- •What is Customs Enforcement and Compliance
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision Ex.1. Functions of Transitional Words & Phrases
- •Ex.2. Transitional Words & Phrases Reading: Mexican Immigration to the us
- •Identify any transitional words and phrases, comment on their a function and find an equivalent for them.
- •Ex.4.Put the following transitional words and phrases back into the text: moreover, and not only…but , finally, because; working on the article
- •Internet Piracy Bill in Trouble
- •Tasks for the article
- •2. Obligations, Powers and Liability of the eu Customs Authorities
- •Application of Customs Control International Standards. Moving goods across the borders
- •Working on the text
- •Obligations, Powers and Liability of the eu Customs Authorities
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article
- •Ireland ‘No’ vote plunges eu into crisis (from: www. Elsdiscussions.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Additional tasks
- •Customs Union between the Russian Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan
- •Working on the text
- •Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan
- •Working on the text
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Moscow is the world’s costliest city (from: www. Business.English.Materials.Com)
- •Tasks for the article
- •Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.12. Read and fill in the spaces. Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.16. Language: Put the correct words from a–d below in the article. Moscow is the world’s costliest city
- •Ex.18. Student cost of living survey: Write five good questions about living costs. Ex.19. Discussion
- •Ex.21. Speaking: cost of living presentation:
- •Additional tasks
- •2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- •World Customs Organization
- •Working on the text
- •General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- •2. Major Provisions of gatt
- •1. Tariff
- •2. Quantitative Restrictions
- •3. Other provisions
- •4. Achievements and Problems of gatt/wto
- •5. Difference between gatt and wto
- •Working on the text
- •Ex.16.Student “General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade” survey: Write five good questions about the topic. Ex.17.Writing:
- •Grammar revision
- •Working on the article Airport security New body scanners see through clothes
- •Tasks for the article
- •Ex.7.Airport security discussion
- •Ex.9.Writing: Write about airports for 10 minutes. Correct your partner’s paper.
2. Obligations, Powers and Liability of the eu Customs Authorities
Grammar revision: Transitional words and phrases
Text 1
Application of Customs Control International Standards. Moving goods across the borders
With the progress made in liberalizing international trade through the reduction in tariff barriers, the focus is shifting increasingly to the removal of non-tariff barriers and the facilitation of legitimate trade. At the same time, border management is becoming more complex and this is compounded by the multiplicity of state agencies involved in that management.
The World Customs Organization (WCO), the World Bank and other agencies have championed coordinated border management with the aim of reducing the costs of moving goods across borders. From an international coordinated border management perspective, one stop border posts have been introduced or are being considered as a mechanism to improve the movement of goods across shared borders.
These arrangements have both economic and enforcement benefits.
However, they need to be rooted in a sound policy and underpinned by an enabling legal framework and implementation strategy that have the support of all stakeholders.
Globalization and international trade liberalization initiatives have resulted in the rapid growth of the value and volume of goods moving across borders. The conclusion of various rounds of multilateral trade negotiations and the implementation of preferential trade arrangements such as customs unions and free trade areas have resulted in the reduction of tariff barriers. The gains of these initiatives have been immense. However, goods have not only face duties and taxes when they move across borders. They are also subject to other regulatory controls.
These controls are usually undertaken by national customs administrations on a transactional basis. As part of their mandates to control the cross-border movement of goods, national customs administrations also prevent and detect the smuggling of goods and combat commercial fraud where traders attempt to evade or minimize the payment of duties and taxes. Other agencies with either a presence at the frontier or with a responsibility for executing controls over the movement of goods include those with a responsibility for agriculture, food safety, health, immigration, policing and standards. These controls are executed either by the agencies themselves or by other agencies on their behalf, such as Customs.
Compliance with regulatory requirements imposes costs on trading across borders, especially if this results in delays as a result of cumbersome procedures and requirements, corruption and weak administrative capacity. As a result, the attention of policy-makers has in recent years expanded from reducing tariff barriers to reducing non-tariff barriers. The aim of trade facilitation is to stimulate trade through a reduction of costs resulting from compliance costs, procedural delays, a lack of predictability and so on.
Various instruments have been developed aimed at promoting the facilitation of legitimate trade across borders. These include provisions of the WTO Agreement and treaties of the WCO. In this regard, specific reference should be made to the revised Kyoto Convention that ‘… provides both the legal framework and a range of agreed standards to improve customs operations with a view toward standardizing and harmonizing customs policies and procedures worldwide’. The main objective of the Convention is to facilitate legitimate trade by simplifying and harmonizing customs procedures and practices.
The WCO’s SAFE Framework of Standards also aims, amongst others, to facilitate legitimate trade and introduced the concepts of ‘Customs-to-Customs’ and ‘Customs-to-Business’ partnerships.
As a result of these and other instruments, many customs administrations have introduced reforms such as the implementation of risk management to focus attention on high risk traders and goods, automation to enable traders and intermediaries to submit documentation electronically, sometimes in combination with single window systems, accreditation arrangements for trusted traders and other facilitation arrangements. Combined with initiatives to develop more professional, skilled and agile workforces, these developments have impacted positively on trade facilitation.