1. Psychiatry, social psychiatry.

Now there are two concepts: "psychiatry" and " social psychiatry " which are united in the social - psychiatric approach, Number of mental patients, according to the official account (psychoneurological clinics and hospitals), make 3-5 % of the population, but the corresponding calculations which have been lead{which have been carried out} by the World organization of public health services (CART), show, that the number of the persons requiring for the psychiatric help, is much more: within the limits of 15-20 %. It means, that in activity of the expert of social work patients with mental infringements will not be a unusual occurrence.

The psychiatry is the branch of medicine which studies an origin of mental frustration, their clinical displays, carries out treatment and preventive maintenance.

Traditionally the psychiatry is subdivided into the general and individual. The general psychiatry studies the general laws of formation of symptoms, syndromes of mental frustration, its dynamics and pathogenetic mechanisms laying in their basis. It includes psychopathology and partly pathopsychology, is especial when the question is an estimation of the cognitive infringements. The individual psychiatry describes etiology, pathogeny, clinic of separate diseases, their variants and treatment of patients with corresponding mental frustration.

As the big influence on development, clinic and the forecast of mental frustration renders the age factor, in psychiatry allocate such areas, as a nursery, teenage psychiatry and gerentopsychiatry (psychiatry of late age).

The social psychiatry is based on the social - psychological approach in which basis four determining characteristics are put.

1. The social - psychological approach is focused on behaviour and mental processes of the individual. In the center of its attention are groups and public institutes. Basic which part of interaction is the theory of the communications engaged mainly in studying of structure and the contents of process of transfer of the information as such. As against them the social psychology brings to a focus to internal experiences of the person and influence of other people on his ideas, feelings and acts.

2. The social - psychological approach brings to a focus to the situational reasons of behaviour that is based on main principle of social psychology: everything occuring inside us (psychological processes), are defined by external factors.

3. The social - psychological approach is based on subjective perception of an environment. Individual interpretation of a social situation has the greater value, than an objective reality as such.

4. The social - psychological approach is objective and scientifically-grounded. Being based on it, social psychologists, no less than representatives of other social studies, consider the human behaviour as a natural-science phenomenon.

It is necessary to note, that the social psychiatry is closely connected to an empirical science, therapeutic practice and social work. Which complex purpose is integration mentally patients in a social reality.

The social psychiatry is inverted to fundamental problems of theoretical and practical character - to studying of influence of a social factor on etiopathogenesis of the mental frustration, and also to public psychiatry where the question is practical methods on use of opportunities of community for rendering assistance. Thus it is important to emphasize its interdisciplinary character. It uses methods of social sciences and clinical psychiatry.

For psychiatrists presence of dependence of mental health of the person from features of the social environment surrounding him is an indisputable fact. To the greatest degree it is investigated in sphere of a family, industrial environment, but, undoubtedly, and that everything, that there is in a society, an infringement of the conventional stereotypes of the behaviour especially connected to political and social and economic changes, causes infringements in mentality of the person.

The society lives in a condition of a stressful pressure that has led to to increase of aggression of many people. The marginal groups of the population are united and represent the big threat for a society. About it speaks growth of severe crimes, the analysis of spent judicial - psychiatric researches.

Thus, the social psychiatry can be considered as work with social aspects anyone mentally the patient from a position of integrated psychosociobiological understanding of mentality. Precisely the same as the biological psychiatry can be integrated completely into the general psychiatry and simultaneously to be its component, and the social psychiatry can and should be integrated into psychiatric thinking, but at the same time it should go in own way of development.