- •Physical and mathematical sciences
- •Grammar: The Adjective and the Participle as an Attribute
- •Word List:
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 2 Grammar: The Simple Predicate Word List:
- •Particle Simulations of the spt
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 3 Grammar: Modal Verbs – would, should, could. The Inversion Word List:
- •Controlling Robots with the Mind
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 4 Grammar: The Complex Sentences Word List:
- •Magnetron Sputtering
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 5 Grammar: The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Particle-Induced Turbulence Attenuation
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 6 Grammar: The Impersonal Construction. The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Tritium Pellet Injector Results
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 7 Grammar: The Attribute Word List:
- •Fundamental Characteristics of a Fluid
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 8 Grammar: The Gerund Word List:
- •Enhancing Film Condensation Heat Transfer
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 9 Grammar: The Infinitive. The Passive Voice. The ing-forms Word List:
- •Effects of Welding Parameters on Hard Zone Formation at Dissimilar Metal Welds
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 10 Grammar: The modal verb. The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Measurement and Analysis of Ultrasonic Beam Profiles in a Solid
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 11 Grammar: The Infinitive. The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Review of Magnetic Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation (nde)
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 12 Grammar: Simple, Progressive and Perfect Tenses. The Infinitive Word List:
- •Impact of New Magnetoresistive Materials on Magnetic Recording Heads
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 13 Grammar: The Gerund Word List:
- •Progress in Membrane Science and Technology for Seawater Desalination
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 14 Grammar: The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Asymptotic Methods in Turbulent Combustion
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 15 Grammar: The verbs “to be”, “to have”. Modal Verbs Word List:
- •Membranes and Microorganisms
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 16 Grammar: Modal Verbs Word List:
- •What Materials Are Suitable as Polymer Electrolytes?
- •Focused Practice
- •Electrical engineering and electromechanics
- •Unit 17
- •Grammar: The Noun as an Attribute
- •Word List:
- •Fatigue Cracks in Turbine Discs
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 18 Grammar: The Passive Voice Word List:
- •The Split Shaft Design
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 19 Grammar: Non-finite forms of the Verb. The Complex Sentences Word List:
- •Evaluating Individual Losses
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 20 Grammar: The Infinitive. The Infinitive Constructions. The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Expert Systems for Fluid Power
- •Unit 21 Grammar: The Infinitive. Split Infinitives Word List:
- •Expert Systems. Other Useful Features
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 22 Grammar: Word-building. The Conjunctional and Prepositional Phrases Word List:
- •The Calculation of a Last Stage Low Pressure Steam Turbine and Exhaust Hood Flow
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 23 Grammar: The Passive Voice. Word-building Word List:
- •Three-Stage Steam Turbine Flow Analysis
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 24 Grammar: The Passive Voice. Modal Verbs Word List:
- •Thermal Computer Aided Design – Advancing the Revolution in Compact Motor
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 25 Grammar: The Infinitive Word List:
- •Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 26 Grammar: The Participle. The Absolute Participle Construction Word List:
- •Variable Speed Drives
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 27 Grammar: The Participle. The Gerund. The Infinitive Word List:
- •Steam Chemistry and the Turbine
- •Focused Practice
- •Computer sience
- •Unit 28
- •Grammar: The Infinitive Constructions
- •Word List:
- •Department of Defense Selects ibm Supercomputer for Navy to Triple Computing Power
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 29 Grammar: Word-Building Word List:
- •Mobility Management for VoIp Service: Mobile ip vs sip
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 30 Grammar: The Infinitive. The Participle Word List:
- •Mobile Software Agents for Decentralised Network and Systems Management
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 31 Grammar: The Impersonal Constructions. The Emphatic Constructions Word List:
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 32 Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood. Conditional Sentences Word List:
- •Wise Drives
- •Focused Practice
- •Energetics and power engineering
- •Unit 33
- •Grammar: The Infinitive. The Elliptic Sentences
- •Word List:
- •Tools for Dynamic Analysis of the General Large Power System Using Time - Varying Phasers
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 34 Grammar: The Infinitive Constructions Word List:
- •Energy Problems and Nuclear Power Development in Japan
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 35 Grammar: The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Large–Scale Economic Integration of Electricity from Short-Rotation Woody Crops
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 36 Grammar: The Present Perfect Tense Word List:
- •Streamer Dynamics
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 37 Grammar: The Present Progressive Tense Word List:
- •High Temperature Superconducting Current Limiting Series Reactor
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 38 Grammar: The Participle Word List:
- •Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Techniques in Electric Power Systems Expansion Planning
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 39 Grammar: The ing- and ed- forms as Parts of Speech. Their Functions in a Sentence Word List:
- •Cogeneration and On-Site Production
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 40 Grammar: The Attribute Word List:
- •Petersburg Combined Cycle
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 41 Grammar: The Infinitive, the Gerund, the Participle Word List:
- •How Nuclear Power Works
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 42 Grammar: Non-finite Forms of the Verb. The Infinitive Constructions. The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Big Plans for Ocean Power Hinge on Funding and Additional r&d
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 43 Grammar: Non-finite Forms of the Verb Word List:
- •At pressure reducing stations
- •Focused Practice
- •Management, economics and labour protection
- •Unit 44
- •Grammar: The Adverbial Modifier
- •Word List:
- •Foreign Exchange
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 45 Grammar: The Inversion. The Present Perfect Tense. The Present Simple Tense (usage) Word List:
- •Temperature Changes in Canada
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 46 Grammar: The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Environmental Tobacco Smoke
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 47 Grammar: The Adjective. The Suffixes: -tive; -al; -ic; - able; -ant; -ent Word List:
- •Mathematical Challenges in Spatial Ecology
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 48 Grammar: The ing– and ed–forms (usage) Word List:
- •Energy Saving Technologies in Hospitals
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 49 Grammar: The Noun as an Attribute. The Participle Word List:
- •Design of Containment for the Long-Term Isolation of Irradiated Fuel During Underground Disposal
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 50 Grammar: The Infinitive. The Subjective Infinitive Construction. The Participle as an Attribute Word List:
- •Exergy Analysis on Power Plants Using Cold Energy of lng
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 51 Grammar: The Participle. The Gerund Word List:
- •New Firing Technology
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 52 Grammar: Non-finite Forms of the Verb. The Infinitive Constructions Word List:
- •Mobile phones: a health risk?
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 53 Grammar: Non-finite Forms of the Verb. The Infinitive constructions Word List:
- •Mobile Telephony Biological Impacts Part I
- •Part II
- •Focused Practice
- •Measuring technique and equipment
- •Unit 54
- •Grammar: The Participle. The Attribute
- •Word List:
- •Signal and Network Analyzers Span the Spectrum from Audio to Light
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 55 Grammar: The Passive Voice.The Gerund Word List:
- •Confocal Microscopes
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 56 Grammar: The Perfect Tenses. The Subjunctive Mood Word List:
- •A Historical Review of Atomic Frequency Standards Used in Space Systems
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 57 Grammar: The Adjective. Degrees of Comparison. The Infinitive Word List:
- •A Display System for Phased Array Radars
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 58 Grammar: The Participle. The Gerund Word List:
- •Special Issue on Wireless Communications
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 59 Grammar: The Participle. The Attribute Word List:
- •Bluetooth in Wireless Communication
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 60 Grammar: The Adjectives (Degrees of Comparison) Word List:
- •Wrap – Speed Wireless
- •Focused Practice
- •Special technical decisions in tv, telephony, encrypton, nanotechnology
- •Unit 61
- •Grammar: The Participle. The Complex Sentence
- •Word List:
- •Dynamics of an Adaptive Hybrid
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 62 Grammar: The Future Simple Tense Word List:
- •Multilevel Converters as a Utility Interface for Renewable Energy Systems
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 63 Grammar: The Passive Voice Word List:
- •Bandwidth Considerations for Multilevel Converters
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 64 Grammar: The Functions of the Infinitive and Gerund Word List:
- •A Model of Visual Adaptation for Realistic Image Synthesis
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 65 Grammar: The Infinitive. Modal Verbs Word List:
- •A Better Way to Compress Images
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 66 Grammar: The Past Simple Tense Word List:
- •The Advanced Encryption Standard
- •Focused Practice
- •Unit 67 Grammar: Word Combination; that, this, the...The Construction Word List:
- •Focused Practice
- •Contents
Focused Practice
I. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the origin of the word “radar”?
2. When were the principles of radar first elaborated?
3. What drawbacks did early radar antennas have?
4. What advantages did a parabolic antenna have?
5. What is a PPI?
6. Why were digital computers introduced into radar?
II. Analyse the grammar structures underlined in the above text.
III. Speak on: Early radar antennas.
Unit 58 Grammar: The Participle. The Gerund Word List:
1. coverage |
зона охвата |
2. impairment |
ослабление, ухудшение |
3. base-station coverage |
зона охвата территории базовой станцией |
4. digital signal processing |
цифровая обработка сигналов |
5. hardware |
аппаратное обеспечение |
6. base-station antennas |
антенны базовых станций |
7. handset antennas |
антенны для мобильных устройств |
8. dual frequency wide-band antenna |
приемо-передающая широкополосная антенна |
9. voltage standing wave ratio |
коэффициент стоячей волны по напряжению |
10. microstrip |
микрополосковая антенна |
11. patch |
накладка, крепление |
Special Issue on Wireless Communications
One of the current key challenges in wireless communications is the application of reduced size antennas with improved performance and lower cost. Small antennas are required because of the demand for shirt pocket personal radios as well as unobtrusive base stations. In addition, the consumer’s desire for personal communications within buildings increases the challenges in the fields of antennas and propagation. The upcoming direct user-to-satellite communications systems have further necessitated the development of novel antenna designs for acceptable circular polarization performance in the presence of the user’s head.
The frequency spectrum is a finite resource that can be extended through frequency reuse, which is strongly influenced by antenna and propagation issues. In fact, overall system performance, as measured by coverage and capacity, is determined by antennas and propagation. Diversity technique sat both the base station and terminal can be exploited for performance improvement. Diversity involves antennas and is intended to overcome propagation impairments. All of the forgoing have tremendous cost implications. For example, frequency reuse by increasing the number of base stations and reducing individual base-station coverage is extremely expensive and should be minimized.
Antennas and propagation play the central role in the deployment of wireless communication systems.
Base-Station Antennas: The wide availability and low cost of digital signal processing and computing hardware in recent years is causing a dramatic change in base-station antenna systems. Intelligence is being added to base-station antenna forming the new field of smart base-station antennas.
Handset Antennas: The introduction of personal communication technology has resulted in a widespread awareness of the critical role wireless services play in today’s communications centered marketplace. Antennas play a paramount role in an optimal design of these services. There was a novel dual-frequency and wide-band voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) handset antenna presented by combining normal-mode helical and inverted RF antennas.
The development of a microstrip antenna with rotatable patch was discussed. One of the key features of the design is that due to the rotation feature of the antenna mount the antenna patch is always vertically oriented. To improve the radiation efficiency of antennas positioned near the user’s head, a dipole antenna configuration with enhanced performance can be applied.