- •Передмова
- •Unit 1. The problem of environmental protection
- •I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Read international words and give their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •III. While translating the text keep in mind the different meanings of the words:
- •IV. Word-combinations to remember:
- •The problem of environmental protection
- •I. Try to identify the part of speech of the following words according to the word-building elements:
- •II. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the following adjectives:
- •III. Find the synonyms to the following words:
- •IV. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •V. Translate into English:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •VII. Correct the statements if necessary using the phrases of agreement or disagreement:
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •XI. Read the following text about your future ocupation, try to catch the plot of it, paying attention to the active vocabulary. Environmental Studies
- •Unit 2. What all people need
- •I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Translate the following international words:
- •III. While translating the text keep in mind different meanings of the words:
- •IV. Words to remember:
- •V. Pay attention to the following “false friends of a translator”:
- •What all people need
- •VII. Correct the statements if necessary using the phrases of agreement or disagreement:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions using the phrases given below:
- •IX. Translate the given sentences:
- •X. Do you know that: Ecological Problems
- •Unit 3. Different types of pollution (part I)
- •I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Translate the following international words:
- •III. While translating the text keep in mind different meanings of the words:
- •IV. Word–combinations to remember:
- •Different types of pollution (part I)
- •I. Find out synonyms:
- •II. Translate the words; state their part of speech according to the word-building elements:
- •IV. Give English equivalents:
- •V. Complete the following sentences:
- •VI. Correct the statements if necessary using the phrases of agreement or disagreement:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences into English:
- •IX. Read the dialogue again and write down the key points of the conversation. Act the dialogue out.
- •Unit 4. Different types of pollution (part II)
- •I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Translate the following international words:
- •III. While translating the text keep in mind the different meanings of the words:
- •IV. Word–combinations to remember:
- •Different types of pollution (part II)
- •VII. Correct the statements if necessary using the phrases of agreement or disagreement:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions:
- •IX. Translate into English:
- •X. Read the following dialogue, try to act it out. The dialogue represents a radio interview between a journalist, Gerald Brook, and an environmentalist, Trevor Stern.
- •Unit 5. Trees and the deforestation problem
- •I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Translate the following international words:
- •III. While translating the text keep in mind different meanings of the words:
- •IV. Words to remember:
- •Trees and the deforestation problem
- •I. Try to identify the part of speech of the following words according to the word-building elements:
- •III. Give Ukrainian equivalents:
- •IV. Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •V. Complete the following sentences:
- •VI. Correct the statements if necessary using the phrases of agreement or disagreement:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate the sentences into English:
- •IX. Read the text below and find the best title for it.
- •X. Do you know that:
- •Unit 6. World ecological organizations
- •World ecological organizations
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. Complete the following sentences:
- •VIII. Correct the statements if necessary using the phrases of agreement or disagreement:
- •IX. Answer the following questions:
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •XI. Read the dialogues and reproduce them in pairs:
- •Supplement
- •Text 2. The environment in the new millennium: the way of the world
- •Text 3. Environmental innovation
- •Text 4. Rational use of land resources
- •Text 5. Fightihg atmospheric pollution
- •Text 6. Ecology is a priority
- •Text 7. Ecological situation in ukraine
- •Text 8. To save dnipro
- •Text 9. The north pole is melting away!
- •Text 10. Climate, microclimate and forest
- •Text 11. CfCs and ozone depletion
- •Text 12. Controlling urban smog
- •Text 13. Founder of new world view
- •84646, М. Горлівка, вул. Кірова, 51
Unit 3. Different types of pollution (part I)
PRE–TEXT EXERCISES
I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
Volume – об’єм, обсяг
Chlorofluorocarbon – фреон
Nitrogen oxide – оксид азоту
Acid – кислотний
Cause – причина
Fossil fuel – викопне паливо
Accident – нещасний випадок
Occur – з’являтися, траплятися
To discharge bacteria – вивільняти бактерії
Effluent – стічні води
Algae – водорості
Leakage – протікання
To release – вивільняти
Machinery – машинне обладнання
Wire – проволока
Debris – уламки, будівельне сміття
Oxygen – кисень
Seagull – чайка
Ocean – океан
Sewage – відходи, стічні води
Fertilizer – добриво
II. Translate the following international words:
industrial, electricity, problem, ocean, toxic, plastic, aquatic, bacteria.
III. While translating the text keep in mind different meanings of the words:
Volume – 1) об’єм, маса
2) мірa, кількість
3) рівень гучності
4) книга, том
Supply – 1) постачання
2) тимчасовий замісник
3) ресурси, провіант
4) живлення (технічне)
Sheet – 1) простирадло
2) аркуш
3) газета
4) шар, пласт
Oil – 1) олія
2) нафта
3) мастило
Level – 1) рівень, ступінь
2) рівнина
3) штольня
Support – 1) підтримка, допомога
2) опора
3) матеріальне забезпечення
4) служба підтримки користувачів
To promote – 1) висувати, просуватися кар’єрною драбиною
2) допомагати, сприяти, підтримувати
3) створювати необхідні умови
Scale – 1) луска риби
2) осад, мінеральні відкладення
3) тонка металева пластина, плівка
Plant – 1) рослина
2) завод, фабрика
IV. Word–combinations to remember:
Industrial and domestic wastes – промислові та побутові відходи
To lead to acid rain – призводити до кислотного дощу
Crude oil – неочищена нафта
To discharge effluents – скидати стічні води
Solid waste – тверді відходи
To cause leakage – спричиняти витікання
Water supply – системи водопостачання
Disused machinery – металобрухт
Wire netting – сітка з тонкого дроту
To became entangled – заплутатися
To coat the feather – вкривати пір’я
The scales of fish – луска риби
To dissolve oxygen – розчиняти кисень
Thermal pollution – теплове забруднення
To kill outright – вбивати одразу
Domestic sewage – побутове сміття
To promote overgrowth – сприяти посиленому росту
To disrupt ecosystem – порушувати екосистему
To wash tanks at sea – мити танкери в морі
Different types of pollution (part I)
The volume of both industrial and domestic waste has increased dramatically over the past 50 years.
Industrial air pollution includes the greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). It also includes sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which lead to acid rain. The largest single cause of industrial air pollution is the electricity industry. All fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide; coal and crude oil also produce sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Air pollution from industrial accidents occasionally causes major health problems.
Water pollution from industry can occur intentionally, when factories discharge their effluents directly into rivers, lakes and oceans, or unintentionally, when accidents cause leakage of toxic waste into the water supply. Factory effluents also discharge large pieces of solid waste such as disused machinery, plastic sheets and wire netting. This junk is not only ugly, both animals and ships can become entangled in the debris.
Another pollutant of water is oil. Some of it comes from accidents, some from deliberate washing of tanks at sea and some from industrial effluents. Oil coats the feathers of sea birds and the scales of fish. It also has a less visible toxic effect, it reduces the level of oxygen dissolved in the water. Without dissolved oxygen, the sea cannot support any life at all. As well as the fish and seagulls that we can see, oil kills millions of tiny plants and animals in the deeper layers of the ocean. Acid rain is another important cause of water pollution and the destruction of aquatic life. Yet another cause is thermal pollution. Industries which use water for cooling (such as nuclear power stations) increase the temperature of nearby rivers and lakes by 5 – 10 degrees. Thermal pollution kills some animals and plants outright. In addition, together with domestic sewage and artificial fertilizers, it promotes overgrowth of bacteria and algae and disrupts the aquatic ecosystem. Industries argue that it would cost too much money to cool the water down before releasing it into the environment.
TEXT–BASED ASSIGNMENTS