Autos, automates – сам; logos – вчення;

bios – життя; onoma – ім’я;

chronos, chronikos – час; phone – звук;

demos – народ; phos, photos – світло;

grapho – писати; scopeo – спостерігати;

homos – однаковий; tele – далеко.

lexis, lexicon – слово, словник;

Exercise 11. Mind the following Italian borrowings. Comment on the sphere of life they are used in.

Adagio, allegro, alt, aria, baritone, bass, bust, colonnade, concert, corridor, fiasco, fresco, granite, influenza, libretto, macaroni, miniature, opera, operetta, piano, primadonna, quartet, revolt, solo, sonata, soprano, studio, tempo, trio, umbrella.

Exercise 12. Arrange the following borrowings of Scandinavian origin in groups according to the part of speech they belong to.

Anger, birth, both, call, cast, clip, die, doze, fellow, flat, gate, get, glitter, happen, happy, hasten, heaven, hit, husband, ill, knife, lift, loose, low, meek, odd, raise, root, saga, same, scatter, sister, skill, skin, sky, sly, struggle, take, they, though till, ugly, want, weak, window, wing, wrong.

Exercise 13. Comment on the phonetic and graphic peculiarities of the following French borrowings.

1. Champagne, chic, chauffeur, machine.

2. Detente, liason, poste restante, restaurant.

3.Beige, bourgeois, bourgeoisie, garage, genre, prestige, regime, sabotage.

4. Closure, exposure, leisure, measure, pleasure, seizure, treasure.

5. Conservatoire, memoirs, repertoire, reservoir.

6. Ballet, bouquet, corps, debris, debut, depot.

7. Attache, cafe, cliche, fiance, fiancee, resume, foyer, communique.

8. Balloon, cartoon, platoon, saloon.

9. Antique, critique, physique, technique.

10. Employee, referee.

11. Engineer, racketeer.

12. Cadet, cigarette, coquette, etiquette, gazette, silhouette

13. Fatigue, intrigue.

14. Naive, marine, elite.

15. Provocateur, saboteur.

16. Millionaire, questionnaire.

17. Tete-a-tete, vis-a-vis, coup d'etat, table d'hote, a la carte.

Exercise 14. Arrange the following French borrowings into three groups according to the degree of their assimilation:

1. Fully assimilated,

2. Partially assimilated,

3. Unassimilated.

Act, aim, arm, art, autumn, ball, bank, baron, beauty, beef, bon mot, branch, brilliant, butcher, capital, captain, chauffeur, city, close, colleague, command, commence, coup d'etat, count, courage, crime, cry, decide, degree, delight, emperor, employee, etiquette, exposure, face, fatigue, finance, foyer, fruit, garage, gazette, genre, honour, hour, large, legal, leisure, machine, madam, magazine, marine, measure, minister, monsieur, mutton, naive, nation, nice, office, pass, pleasure, poet, restore.

Exercise 15. Arrange the following French borrowings into:

1. law terms,

2. military terms,

3. religious terms,

4. cookery terms,

5. art terms,

6. medical terms.

Accuse, admiral, army, arrest, art, bacon, banner, battle, bible, boil, cadet, clergy, colour, conquest, court, defence, dinner, fatigue, fortress, fruit, genre, gout, image, jelly, judge, ice, malady, music, mutton, ornament, pain, paradise, pastry, pray, pulse, remedy, saint, sausage, siege, soldier, song, up, surgeon, talent, taste, toast, tragedy, veal, vinegar, war.

Exercise 16. Arrange the following French borrowings into groups of words denoting:

1. names of professions,

2. state and government notions,

3. terms of architecture,

4. things of everyday life.

Air, arch, architect, barber, butcher, cabinet, castle, ceiling, clock, column, coat, dress, face, fashion, flower, frock, gown, minister, office, painter, palace, parliament, place, porch, public, state, table, tailor, towel, tower, vase.

Exercise 17. Mind the following translation-loans. State the language they came from.

Blitzkrieg, bon mot, collective farm, coup d'etat, enfant terrible, kindergarten, leitmotiv, persona grata, prima donne swan-song, tete-a-tete.

Exercise 18. a) State the origin of the following translation loans, b) Translate them into Ukrainian/Russian.

blue-stocking, the fair sex, Fatherland, fellow-traveller, first dancer, heel of Achilles, knight errant, lightning way, local colouring, the moment of truth, mother tongue, pen name, Procrustean bed, self-criticism, Sisyphean labour, a slip of the tongue, surplus value, swan song, sword of Damocles, thing-in-itself, vicious circle, wonder child, word combination, world-famous.

Exercise 19. Comment on etymological doublets. Explain the origin and formation of the following doublets.

Abbreviate - abridge; hospital - hostel, hotel;

cavalry - chivalry; goal-jail;

captain - chieftain; major - mayor;

artist - artiste; pauper - poor;

liquor - liqueur; senior - sir;

rout - route; canal - channel;

suit - suite; legal - loyal;

salon - saloon; skirt - shirt;

shade - shadow; nay - no. of- off;

Exercise 20. a) Compare the meaning of the following etymological doublets. State their origin, b) Translate the doublets into Ukrainian/Russian.

eatable - edible, cathedral - chair,

naked - nude, deacon - dean,

nine - noon; papyrus - paper;

bench - bank, chief- chef,

corn - grain, hostel - hotel,

lapel - label, saloon - salon,

name - noun, sergeant - servant,

ward - guard, suit — suite;

word - verb; camp - campus,

draw - drag, cross - crux,

hale - hail, inch - ounce,

shabby - scabby, street -stratum;

shirt - skirt, canal - channel,

shriek - screech; card - chart.

Exercise 21. State the origin of the following etymological doublets. Compare their meanings and explain why they are called etymological doublets.

1. captain - chief tan, canal - channel, cart - chart.

2. shirt - skirt, shriek - screech, shrew - screw.

3. gaol -jail, corpse - corps, travel - travail.

4. shadow - shade, off- of, dike - ditch.

Exercise 22. Comment on international words. Arrange the following International words into groups taking into account the sphere of life and man's activities they refer to:

1. scientific,

2. cultural,

3. technical,

4. political.

Motor, sputnik, concert, constitution, evolution, phonetics, drama, parliament, decree, telegraph, meeting, pact, melody, history, lecture, republic, tractor, allegro, revolution, radio, dialectics, formula, gas, nylon, sport, club, bank, comedy, materialism, opera, jazz, civil, lyric, stadium, poet, analysis, cybernetics, satellite, rector, idea, film, electron, biology, idealism, robot, computer, printer.

Exercise 23. Arrange the following international words into groups according to their origin.

Comedy, opera, sport, character, drama, parliament, regime, biology, music, system, class, rector, analysis, poet.

Exercise 24. From the list below pick up international words, words which have partial equivalents in Ukrainian/Russian and false friends of translator:

test object decade process

address figure faculty minister

objective collection notation journal

pilot data model expression

novel negative license order

scholar complement problem category

expertise specialization regular academic

coupe selection routine presentation

concern anonymous formalism final

control intelligence concrete technique