- •2. Which words / phrases are used: a) to list and add points; b) to show contrast?
- •Compare and contrast Freud's and Erlkson'I theories.
- •3. Using the Internet, And additional information on e. Erikson and z. Freud's biographies and share It with your partner.
- •1. Read the following nouns and give their equivalents in Russian:
- •1. Read the text and mark the following sentences t (true) or f (false).
- •2. Find the linking words in the text below and describe their function.
- •1. Find the meaning of the following nouns in the dictionary.
- •2. Select the appropriate word from the list given above and write in the space adjacent to the definition.
- •8. A large amount or number.
- •Read the following adverbs and find the verbs which are characterized by them.
- •1. Read the text and mark the following sentences t (true) or f (false).
- •1. Read the following nouns and give their equivalents in Russian.
- •2. Select the appropriate word from the list above and write in the space adjacent to the definition.
- •3. Read the following adjectives and give their equivalents in Russian.
- •Match the adjectives given above to the nouns from Ex. 1. Make as many phrases as possible.
- •6. Read the following verbs and give their equivalents in Russian.
- •6. Find the linking words and expressions in Text 4 and explain their function (e.G.: yet, this is what..., for example, nonetheless, or, etc)
- •1. Read the following nouns and give their equivalents in Russian.
- •2. Select the appropriate word from the list and write in a space adjacent to the definition.
- •3. Read the following adjectives and give their equivalents in Russian.
- •Match the adjectives given above to the nouns from Ex. 1. Make ai many phrases as possible.
- •Read the following verbs and give their equivalents in Russian.
- •1. Read the text and mark the following sentences 1-5 t(true) or f(false).
- •1. Discuss the following issues.
- •2. Write a report on your observations of a child that displays accommodation and assimilation.
- •1. Read the following nouns and give their equivalents in Russian.
- •2. Select the appropriate word from the list and write in a space adjacent to the definition.
- •Form adverbs using -ly, -ally.
- •1. Discuss the following issues.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
1. Read the text and mark the following sentences t (true) or f (false).
A sense of trust requires a feeling of psychological comfort.
Trust in infancy sets the stage for a lifelong expectation that the world will be good.
3: Infants can't realize their will.
Infants can't assert their sense of independence or autonomy.
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is Erikson's second stage of development.
Trust versus mistrust is experienced in the first year of life.
2. Find the linking words in the text below and describe their function.
TEXT 2
Trust versus mistrust is Erikson s first psychosocial stage, which is experienced in the first year of life. A sense of trust requires a feeling of physical comfort and a minimal amount of fear and apprehension about the future. Trust in infancy sets the stage for a lifelong expectation tiiat the world will be a good and pleasant place to live.
Autonomy versus shame and doubt is Erikson's second stage of development, occurring in late infancy and toddlerhood (1-3 years). After gaining trust in their caregivers, infants begin to discover that their behavior is their own. They start to assert their sense of independence or autonomy. They realize their will. If infants are restrained too much or punished too harshly, they are likely to develop a sense of shame and doubt.
Initiative versus guilt is Erikson's third stage of development, occurring during the preschool years. As preschool children encounter a widening social world, they are challenged more than when they were infants^ Active, purposeful behavior is needed to cope with these challenges. Children are asked to assume responsibility for their bodies, their behavior, their toys, and their pets. Developing a sense of responsibility increases initiative. Uncomfortable guilt feelings may arise, though, if the child is irresponsible and is made to feel too anxious. Erikson has a positive outlook on this stage. He believes that most guilt is quickly compensated for by a sense of accomplishment.
FOLLOW UP
Discuss the following issues with your partner.
When are infants likely to develop a sense of shame and doubt?
What feature increases initiative?
x
9
What helps to compensate guilt during the third stage?
Compare and contrast the first and the second stages in Erikson's theory of development.
Compare and contrast the second and the third stages in Erikson's theory of development.
UNIT 3 LEAD-IN
1. Find the meaning of the following nouns in the dictionary.
industry wealth learning
inferiority skills danger
feeling confusion adventure
identity parent adolescent
path
2. Select the appropriate word from the list given above and write in the space adjacent to the definition.
1. Ability to do continual hard work.
2. A condition of the mind in which someone believes
himself to be much less important, clever, etc. than other people.
3. The state of being mixed up or mistaken.
4. A process of gaining knowledge.
5. Who or what a particular person or thing is.
6. A consciousness (of something felt in the mind or body);
a belief or opinion.
7. The possibility of harm or loss.