Кафедра ДМ 09 04 2013 / Киреев - Расчёт И Проектирование Зуборезных Инструментов
.pdfɉ ɪ ɨ ɜ ɟ ɪ ɤ ɚ ɧ ɚ ɜ ɨ ɡ ɦ ɨ ɠ ɧ ɨ ɫ ɬ ɶ ɨ ɛ ɪ ɚ ɛ ɨ ɬ ɤ ɢ ɪ ɚ ɛ ɨ ɱ ɟ ɣ ɱ ɚ ɫ ɬ ɢ ɩ ɪ ɨ ɮ ɢ ɥ ɹ ɡ ɭ ɛ ɚ ɤ ɨ ɥ ɟ ɫ ɚ
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ɫ ɩ ɨ ɦ ɨ ɳ ɶ ɸ ɫ ɪ ɟ ɞ ɧ ɟ ɦ ɨ ɞ ɭ ɥ ɶ ɧ ɨ ɝ ɨ ɲ ɟ ɜ ɟ ɪ ɚ |
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ɚ) ɧɨɜɵɦ ɲɟɜɟɪɨɦ |
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ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
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d' |
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(4.32) |
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tgα |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
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d' |
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β ' |
w0 |
= arctg |
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0 |
tgβ |
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(4.33) |
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d |
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ɉɪɢ |
β0 = 0° – |
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β 'w0 |
= 0°. |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨ-
ɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
α ' |
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= arccos |
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cosσ |
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(4.34) |
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w |
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sin β ' |
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w0 |
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0 |
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db0 |
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β 0 = 0°, |
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α' |
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= arccos |
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dw0 |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ |
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β 'w0 |
= arcsin |
cosσ |
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(4.35) |
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cosα ' |
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Ɍɨɪɰɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
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tgα'w |
(4.36) |
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α ' |
= arctg |
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cosβ ' |
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tw |
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w |
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ɉɪɢ |
β 0 = 0°, |
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= α'w . |
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85
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
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db |
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d'w = cosα' |
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Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɲɟɜɢɧɝɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɲɟɜɟɪɨɦ |
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(d' |
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(d' |
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b |
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L'0 |
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2 |
sinσ |
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2 sinσ 0 |
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ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵ-
ɬɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
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ρ |
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− |
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(4.39) |
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ρ ' |
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= L' |
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sinσ |
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sinσ |
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ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ:
ρ '0 ≤ ρ a0 ,
ɝɞɟ ρ a0 |
= |
0,5 |
2 |
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da0 |
− db0 . |
(4.40) |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɨɛɪɚ- |
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ɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ |
ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ. |
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ, ɩɪɢɧɹɜ |
ρa0 = ρ '0 , |
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ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ da0 : |
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d |
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= |
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ρ 2 |
+ d 2 |
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(4.4 ) |
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ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟ-
ɜɟɪɚ ɜɩɚɞɢɧɵ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ. Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ:
d 'w +d 'w |
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− d f |
≥ 0,2m. |
(4.42) |
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ɉɪɢ ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵ- |
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ɫɨɬɵ ɧɨɠɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ |
hf (d f = d − 2hf ). |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɣ ɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɱɟɪɜɹɱɧɨɣ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɩɨɞ ɲɟɜɟɪ.
86
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɬɹɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
4.40 ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɤɭ , ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
= a + a2. |
(4.43) |
ɉɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɚ1 ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ 0,1ɚ1 ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢ-
ɜɚɬɶ ɚ2 ɧɚ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɬɨɱɤɭ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɱɢɫɥɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜɲɟɜɟɪɚ z0 .
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ da0, ɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɪ (ɧɨ ɪ 0, ɦɦ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ha0, h0, Sn0.
ɛ) ɫɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɲɟɜɟɪɨɦ
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
d''w0 |
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2a2 |
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tgα |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
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(4.45) |
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β '' |
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ɉɪɢ β0 = 0° – β ''w |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɫɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
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α '' |
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cosσ 0 |
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sin β '' |
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β0 = 0° |
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db |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ |
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β '' |
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cosσ |
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cosα '' |
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87
Ɍɨɪɰɨɜɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
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tgα ''w |
(4.48) |
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α '' |
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cos β '' |
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ɉɪɢ β0 = 0° – |
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α ''tw |
= α ''w . |
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Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ |
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d ''w |
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cosα '' |
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Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɲɟɜɢɧɝɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɫɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɲɟɜɟɪɨɦ
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ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵ-
ɬɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
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ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
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ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ: |
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d |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɨɣ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟ-
ɜɟɪɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤɚ ɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɤɭ.
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɫɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɩɨ ɬɨɪ-
ɰɭ
ρ HM .0 |
= ρ 0// − |
(L + L)sinσ 0 |
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ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛ-
ɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɱɟɧ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ:
DH .Ɂ. = |
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+ (2ρ HM .0 |
2 |
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(4.55) |
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ɉɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ |
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ Dɇ.Ɂ. > Df |
. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɵ- |
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ɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɤɭ a2 ɧɚ 0, a2 .
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɡɚɧɨɜɨ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɭ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Df |
(ɧɨ Df ≥ (db |
+ 2)). |
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ɉɊɈȼȿɊɄȺ ɇȺ ȼɈɁɆɈɀɇɈɋɌɖ ɈȻɊȺȻɈɌɄɂ ɊȺȻɈɑȿɃ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɉɊɈɎɂɅə ɁɍȻȺ ɄɈɅȿɋȺ ɋ ɉɈɆɈɓɖɘ ɆȿɅɄɈɆɈȾɍɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɒȿȼȿɊȺ
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɲɟɜɢɧɝɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
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d 2 − d 2 |
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d02 − db2 |
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ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵ- |
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ɬɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ |
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ȿɫɥɢ ρ0 > 0,5 |
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ɩɚɫɨɦ. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
z0 ɢ ɩɨ- |
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ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɇȿȾɈɋɌȺɘɓɂɏ ɄɈɇɋɌɊɍɄɌɂȼɇɕɏ
ɉȺɊȺɆȿɌɊɈȼ ȾɂɋɄɈȼɈȽɈ ɒȿȼȿɊȺ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɫ m > ,75ɦɦ
(d ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.4. ). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ:
-ɬɨɪɰɨɜɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɚɞɢɧ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
89
db
αft0 = arccos D f ; (4.58)
-ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɜ ɬɨɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ 0
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- ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɜ ɬɨɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɚ- |
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ɞɢɧ |
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- ɲɢɪɢɧɭɜɩɚɞɢɧ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɭɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ |
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- ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ |
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d = Tf |
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Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɬɪɨɝɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɰɚ |
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Dɰ = D |
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− |
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(ɨɤɪɭɝɥɢɬɶ ɞɨ 0, ɦɦ). |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɨɫɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ β (ɪɢɫ.4. ): |
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β = arctg |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɲɟɜɟɪɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɲɟɜɢɧɝɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚ- |
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ɱɟɣ, ɲɢɪɢɧɭ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ b0 ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ |
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8570-80 ɢ ȽɈɋɌ 0222-8 : m ≤ ,75 ɦɦ – b0 = 0 ÷ 5 ɦɦ; m ≥ ,75 ɦɦ – b0 = 20 ÷ 25 ɦɦ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɧɚɜɨɤ (ɪɢɫ.4. ) ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɟɜɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɢ, 2 – ɧɚ ɫɩɟ-
ɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, 3 - (ɨɞɧɚ
90
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɚ ɬɨɪɰɭ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ - ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɭɛɚ) - ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɤɟ.
ɇɚ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɟɜɟɪɚɯ (m ≤ ,75 ɦɦ) ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟ-
ɪɟɡ ɜɟɫɶ ɡɭɛ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.4.2) ɩɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɭɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɟɡɶɛɵ).
Ɋɢɫ. 4.2. ɒɟɜɟɪ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɣ:
ɚ) ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɡɭɛɚ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ; ɛ) ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɯ ɤɚɧɚɜɨɤ (ɬɚɛɥ. 4.4.)
9
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ-
ɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ. ɍɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɤɚɧɚɜɨɤ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵ-
ɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɈɋɌ 8570-80 ɢ ȽɈɋɌ 022 -8 (ɬɚɛɥ.4. ɢ ɬɚɛɥ.
4.3, ɪɢɫ. 4.2 ɢ ɬɚɛɥ. 4.4).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.3
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Ⱦɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ d0 , ɦɦ |
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m, ɦɦ |
80 |
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250 |
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80 |
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80 ɢ 250 |
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250 |
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Ɉɬ 2 ɞɨ 2,75 |
0,6 |
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0,6 |
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3 |
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0,8 |
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ɧɟ |
ɦɟɧɟɟ |
7 |
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2,2 |
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9 |
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Ɉɬ 3 ɞɨ 5 |
,0 |
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ɋɜ. 5 ɞɨ 8 |
,0 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.4 |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɑɢɫɥɨ ɤɚɧɚɜɨɤ Ʉ |
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Ɉɬ 0,2 ɞɨ 2,75 |
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,4 |
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0,7 |
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ɋɜ.0.28 ɞɨ 0,5 |
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,5 |
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ɋɜ. 0,5 ɞɨ 0,7 |
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0,8 |
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2,5 |
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0,9 |
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ɋɜ. ɞɨ ,25 |
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ɋɜ. ,25 ɞɨ |
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,75 |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɩɨ ɯɨɪɞɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Sx = d0 sin |
Sno |
(ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ sin ɭɝɥɚ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ). |
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d0 |
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ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɞɨ ɯɨɪɞɵ |
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hx = |
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cos |
Sno |
. |
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(4.67) |
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2 |
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92
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Sx ɢ hx ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨ-
ɥɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɲɬɚɧɝɟɧɡɭɛɨɦɟɪɚ.
4.2. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ
ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ : ; ɜɫɟ ɜɢ-
ɞɵ, ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ. ȼ ɲɬɚɦɩɟ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ «Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ» ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ: ɋɬɚɥɶ Ɋ6Ɇ5 ȽɈɋɌ 9265-73 (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟ-
ɧɹɬɶ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋ9Ʉ5,
Ɋ9Ʉ 0, Ɋ6Ɇ5Ʉ5). ɇɚɞ ɲɬɚɦɩɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ Ra 2,5 ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɬɚɥɶ-
ɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɟɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɟɬɪɚɯ: |
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ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ |
Ra 0,4; |
- |
ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
Ra 0,4; |
- |
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ: |
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ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ȺȺ, Ⱥ |
Ra 0,25; |
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ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ȼ |
Ra 0,32; |
- |
ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ (ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ): |
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ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ȺȺ |
Ra 0,63; |
- |
ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ |
Ra ,25. |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɟɫɚ: ɤɥ. ȺȺ – ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɟɫ 5-ɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ; ɤɥ. Ⱥ – 6-ɣ; ɤɥ. ȼ – 7-ɣ ɫɬɟ-
ɩɟɧɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶɛɨɥɟɟ:
- |
ɲɢɪɢɧɵ |
js 6; |
- |
ɲɢɪɢɧɵ ɲɩɨɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɡɚ |
ɋ ; |
- ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɞɨ ɞɧɚ ɲɩɨɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɡɚ |
ɇ ; |
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93
- ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ R 0,9 |
+ 0,3; |
- ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ d ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 4.5.
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.5. |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɦɦ |
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ȺȺ |
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+ 0,003 |
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Ⱥ |
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+ 0,005 |
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- ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ |
da |
0 |
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 4.6. |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.6. |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɦ |
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ȺȺ |
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± 0,02 |
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Ⱥ |
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± 0,04 |
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ȼ |
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± 0,04 |
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- ɜɵɫɨɬɵ |
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ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 4.7. |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.7. |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɦ |
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Ⱥ |
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5 |
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ȼ |
± |
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5 |
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ɇɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫȽɈɋɌ 2.308-79 ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ:
-ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 4.8.
|
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.8. |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɇɟɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɦ |
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ȺȺ |
0,005 |
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Ⱥ |
0,007 |
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ȼ |
0,008 |
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-ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɪɰɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 4.9.
94