Кафедра ДМ 09 04 2013 / Киреев - Расчёт И Проектирование Зуборезных Инструментов
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.6. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ |
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ɉɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ Ȗ |
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ȺȺ |
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± 5' |
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Ⱥ |
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± 8' |
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ȼ |
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± 2' |
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Ɂɚɞɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ Įɜ |
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ȺȺ |
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± 3' |
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Ⱥ, ȼ |
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± 5' |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.7 |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ |
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ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ɉɬ ɞɨ 2 |
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ɋɜ. 2 ɞɨ |
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ɋɜ. 3,5 ɞɨ |
ɋɜ. 6,5 ɞɨ |
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3,5 |
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6,5 |
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0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɤɦ |
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Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɤɪɭɠ- |
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ȺȺ |
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± 320 |
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± 400 |
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± 500 |
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ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ |
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± 320 |
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± 400 |
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± 500 |
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ɡɭɛɶɟɜ dɚɨ |
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Ⱥ |
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ȼ |
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± 400 |
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± 500 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.8. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ |
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ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ɉɬ ɞɨ |
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ɋɜ. 2 |
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ɋɜ. 3,5 |
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ɋɜ. 6,5 |
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ɋɜɵɲɟ |
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2 |
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ɞɨ 3,5 |
ɞɨ 6,5 |
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ɞɨ 0 |
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0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɤɦ |
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ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ |
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ɡɭɛɚ hɚɨ |
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ȺȺ, Ⱥ, ȼ |
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± 8 |
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± 25 |
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± 32 |
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± 40 |
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± 50 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.9. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶ- |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ |
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ɧɵɣ ɞɟɥɢ- |
ɬɨɱɧɨ- |
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ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
ɫɬɢ |
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ɋɜ. 2 |
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ɋɜ. 3,5 |
ɋɜ. 6,5 |
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ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ d0, |
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Ɉɬ |
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ɋɜɵ |
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ɞɨ |
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ɞɨ |
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ɞɨ 6,5 |
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ɞɨ 0 |
ɲɟ |
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ɦɦ |
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2 |
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3,5 |
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0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɤɦ |
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ɉɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭ- |
ɋɜ. 50 ɞɨ 20 |
ȺȺ |
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3 |
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4 |
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4 |
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4 |
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– |
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ɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɲ- |
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Ⱥ |
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5 |
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6 |
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6 |
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6 |
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– |
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ɧɟɝɨ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ |
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8 |
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0 |
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0 |
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0 |
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– |
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ɬɨɪɰɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ- |
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ȼ |
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ɋɜ. 20 ɞɨ |
ȺȺ |
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– |
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– |
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5 |
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5 |
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5 |
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ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱ- |
200 |
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Ⱥ |
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– |
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– |
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8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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ɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ |
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ŏ |
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ȼ |
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– |
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– |
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2 |
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2 |
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2 |
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74
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. 0.
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶ- |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɧɵɣ ɞɟɥɢ- |
ɬɨɱɧɨ- |
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ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
ɫɬɢ |
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ɋɜ. 2 |
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ɋɜ. |
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ɋɜ. |
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ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ d0, |
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Ɉɬ |
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ɋɜɵ |
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ɞɨ |
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ɞɨ |
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3,5 ɞɨ |
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6,5 ɞɨ |
ɲɟ |
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ɦɦ |
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2 |
3,5 |
6,5 |
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0 |
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0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɤɦ |
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ȺȺ |
3 |
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4 |
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ɇɟɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶ- |
ɋɜ. 50 ɞɨ |
Ⱥ |
5 |
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6 |
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ɧɨɫɬɶɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ |
25 |
ȼ |
8 |
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0 |
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ɬɨɪɰɨɜ |
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– |
5 |
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6 |
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ȺȺ |
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// |
ɋɜ. 25 ɞɨ |
Ⱥ |
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– |
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8 |
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200 |
ȼ |
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– |
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2 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. . |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶ- |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɧɵɣ ɞɟɥɢ- |
ɬɨɱɧɨ- |
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ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
ɫɬɢ |
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ɋɜ. 2 |
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ɋɜ. |
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ɋɜ. |
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ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ d0, |
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Ɉɬ |
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ɋɜɵ |
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ɞɨ |
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ɞɨ 3,5 |
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3,5 ɞɨ |
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6,5 |
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ɲɟ 0 |
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ɦɦ |
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2 |
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6,5 |
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ɞɨ 0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɤɦ |
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Ɍɨɪɰɟɜɨɟ ɛɢɟ- |
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ȺȺ |
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2 |
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– |
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ɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ |
ɋɜ. 50 ɞɨ |
Ⱥ |
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6 |
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– |
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ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
25 |
ȼ |
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25 |
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– |
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(ɢɡɦɟɪ. ɧɚ ɞɟ- |
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ɥɢɬ. ɨɤɪɭɠ. |
ɋɜ. 25 ɞɨ |
ȺȺ |
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– |
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20 |
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ɢɥɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɣ ɤ |
200 |
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– |
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28 |
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Ⱥ |
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ɧɟɣ) |
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ȼ |
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– |
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40 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. 2. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶ- |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɧɵɣ ɞɟɥɢ- |
ɬɨɱɧɨ- |
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ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
ɫɬɢ |
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ɋɜ. 2 |
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ɋɜ. |
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ɋɜ. |
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ɋɜɵ- |
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ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ d0, |
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Ɉɬ |
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ɞɨ 2 |
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ɞɨ |
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3,5 ɞɨ |
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6,5 ɞɨ |
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ɲɟ 0 |
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ɦɦ |
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3,5 |
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6,5 |
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0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɤɦ |
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ȺȺ |
0 |
2 |
– |
Ȼɢɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɜ. 50 ɞɨ 25 |
Ⱥ |
6 |
20 |
– |
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25 |
32 |
– |
ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ȼ |
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ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ |
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6 |
20 |
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ɋɜ. 25 ɞɨ |
ȺȺ |
– |
25 |
32 |
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200 |
Ⱥ |
– |
40 |
50 |
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ȼ |
– |
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75 |
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|
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. 3.
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶ- |
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɧɵɣ ɞɟɥɢ- |
ɬɨɱɧɨ- |
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ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
ɫɬɢ |
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ɋɜ. 2 |
ɋɜ. |
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ɋɜ. |
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ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ d0, |
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Ɉɬ |
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ɋɜɵ |
|||
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ɞɨ |
3,5 ɞɨ |
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6,5 |
ɲɟ 0 |
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ɦɦ |
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3,5 |
6,5 |
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ɞɨ 0 |
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ɞɨ |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɤɦ |
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ȺȺ |
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Ɋɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ |
ɋɜ. 50 ɞɨ |
Ⱥ |
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ɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɱɚ- |
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ɬɨɝɨ ɜɟɧɰɚ |
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ɋɜ. 25 ɞɨ |
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ȼ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ:
. ɇRCɷ 63...65.
2.ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ, ɡɚɛɨɢɧ, ɜɵ-
ɤɪɨɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ, ɡɚɭɫɟɧɰɟɜ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ
3.ɉɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ … (ɬɚɛɥ.3. 4)
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. 4 |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ɉɬ |
ɋɜ. 2 |
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ɋɜ. 3,5 |
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ɋɜ. 6,5 |
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ɞɨ 2 |
ɞɨ 3,5 |
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ɞɨ 6,5 |
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ɞɨ 0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɦ |
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ȺȺ |
0,003 |
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0,004 |
0,005 |
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0,007 |
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0,008 |
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0,0 2 |
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0,0 6 |
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4. Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ … (ɬɚɛɥ. 3. 5)
76
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. 5 |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ɉɬ |
ɋɜ. 2 |
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ɋɜ. 3,5 |
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ɋɜ. 6,5 |
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ɞɨ 2 |
ɞɨ 3,5 |
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ɞɨ 6,5 |
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ɞɨ 0 |
ɋɜɵɲɟ 0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɦ |
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ȺȺ |
0,003 |
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0,004 |
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0,006 |
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0,005 |
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0,006 |
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0,008 |
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0,0 2 |
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5. ɇɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ... (ɬɚɛɥ. 3. 6) |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. 6 |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
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ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ɉɬ |
ɋɜ. 2 |
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ɋɜ. 3,5 |
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ɋɜ. 6,5 |
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ɞɨ 2 |
ɞɨ 3,5 |
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ɞɨ 6,5 |
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ɞɨ 0 |
ɋɜɵɲɟ 0 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɦ |
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ȺȺ |
0,003 |
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0,0 4 |
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0,0 8 |
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6. Ʉɨɧɭɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜ. (ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ)
... (0,5 ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ). ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɚɥɵ
ɤɪɚɟɜ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ... ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ 0,25 ɟɝɨ ɞɥɢɧɵ.
7. Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɚ Ⱦɤ = ... (ɞɥɹ ɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɢɹ <<ɨɫɬɪɨɣ>> ɢ <<ɬɭɩɨɣ>> ɫɬɨ-
ɪɨɧɵ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ).
8. |
ɇɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ: ɨɬɜ. ɇ14, ɜɚɥɨɜ |
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h14, ɩɪɨɱɢɯ |
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JT 4 |
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9. |
Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ m = ... z0 = ....ɤɥ.... β = ... Pz = ... (ɞɥɹ ɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥ- |
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ɛɹɤɚ) Ɋ6Ɇ5. |
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77
4. ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɂ ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȾɂɋɄɈȼɕɏ ɒȿȼȿɊɈȼ
Ⱦɢɫɤɨɜɵɟ ɲɟɜɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɯ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨ-
ɫɤɚɥɶɡɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ. ɂ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɹɯ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɢɡɝɨ-
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɠɭɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ (ɪɟɡɰɵ), ɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɪɟɡɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɬɨɧɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɠɟɤ. ɒɟɜɟɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɡɭɛɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɩɨɞ ɲɟɜɢɧɝɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɨɞɢ-
ɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ: ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɪɟɡ ɭɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɟɡ ɭɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɭɛɚ.
4.1. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ-ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨ-
ɞɭɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɟɜɟɪɨɜ
ɍɝɨɥ ɫɤɪɟɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɟɣ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ij ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 8÷20°, ɜ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ij = 5°.
ɍɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ (ɨɧ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 30°) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
β 0 = β ±ϕ , |
(4. ) |
ɝɞɟ ɡɧɚɤ «+» ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɢ |
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ɤɨɥɟɫɚ (ɩɪɚɜɨɟ ɢ ɥɟɜɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ), « - » – ɤ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ. |
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ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ. |
Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
(ɞɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ) ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ȕ0.
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɝɨɥ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 0° ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 30°, ɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ-
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɠɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟ-
ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ȕ0.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 5°, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ
ȕ0=0° (ɬɚɤɨɣ ɲɟɜɟɪ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɬɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ). Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢ-
ɬɚɬɶ ɭɝɨɥ ij:
78
ϕ = β 0 ± β . |
(4.2) |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ij ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ: 8° ij 20°.
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ (m > ,75 ɦɦ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
z |
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(daomax − 3m) cos β 0 |
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(4.3) |
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ɝɞɟ daomax – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɤɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-
ɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɥɟɫ (ɬɚɛɥ. 4. ).
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4. . |
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Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɣ |
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ɒɟɜɟɪ |
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Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɬɚɧɤɚ |
ɲɟɣɤɢ ɲɩɢɧɞɟɥɹ |
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d, ɦɦ |
daomax |
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bmax |
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57 2 |
3 ,75 |
20 |
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32 |
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57 |
63,5 |
88 |
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40 |
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57 8 |
63,5 |
88 |
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40 |
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57 4 |
63,5 |
240 |
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40 |
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57 5 |
65 |
2 0 |
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40 |
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5702 |
63,5 |
300 |
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40 |
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57 6 |
63,5 |
88 |
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40 |
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5A7 4 |
63,5 |
240 |
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40 |
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57 7 |
63,5 |
300 |
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5706 |
76,2 |
350 |
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70 |
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5708 |
76,2 |
350 |
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70 |
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5Ȼ702ȼ |
63,5 |
250 |
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5702ȼ |
63,5 |
240 |
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5Ⱥ703 |
63,5 |
300 |
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570 |
63,5 |
20 |
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ɉɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ z0 ɭɬɨɱɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɢɫɤɚ ɡɭɛɨɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɤɚ: 23, 29, 3 , 37, 4 , 43, 47, 53, 6 , 67, 73, 83,
0 , 03.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɱɢɫɥɚ z0 ɢɡɪɹɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ |
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ɉɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ d0 ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ: 85, 80, 250.
Ɍɨɪɰɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
d |
t0 |
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tgα |
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(4.5) |
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cos β |
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Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ |
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(4.6) |
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɚ Ⱦɤ, ɩɪɢ |
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ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ |
ɛɭɞɭɬ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ |
ɡɭɛɶɹ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ. Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ |
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Ⱦɤ = d0 ; ɢɥɢ Ⱦɤ § d0 (ɧɨ Ⱦɤ > db0). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, Ⱦɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ
ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɹɞɚ: 75; 76,2; 77; 88,9; 99; 00; 0 ,6; 03; 07; 25;
27; 42; 50; 62; 64; 7 ; 78; 80; 98; 202; 225; 250.
ɍɝɨɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɚɥɚɡɨɤ ɡɭɛɨɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɤɚ
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Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ |
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ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ: |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɦ daomax, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ
30%, ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ 4.3. ȿɫɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɭɝɥɭ
Įɭɫɬ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɩɢɪ ɤ ɡɭɛɨɲɥɢ-
ɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɤɭ, ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ Ⱦɤ = d0 (d0 ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ). Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɤɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-
ɞɢɬɶ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ.
ɑɢɫɥɨ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ (m < ,75 ɦɦ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ (ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 8570-80 ɢ ȽɈɋɌ 0222-8 , [ 2, 3]) ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥ. 4.2.
80
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.2.
Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
0,2 |
0,22 |
0,25 |
0,28 |
0,3 |
0,35 |
0,4 |
0,45 |
0,5 |
0,55 |
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ɑɢɫɥɨ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ z0 |
438 |
396 |
348 |
3 2 |
292 |
246 |
2 2 |
92 |
72 |
54 |
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
0,6 |
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ɑɢɫɥɨ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ z0 |
46 |
22 |
06 |
94 |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɪɰɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞ-
ɪɟ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
σ 0 = arccos(cosα sin β 0). |
(4.9) |
ɉɪɢɩɭɫɤ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɡɭɛɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢɮɨɜɤɭ (ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɤɭ |
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ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ) *) |
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ǻ = 0,2 + 0,03·m. |
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ɉɪɢɩɭɫɤ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ |
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a = ǻ / 2 . |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɦɟɥɤɨɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ǻ ɢ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɵ 0.
Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɚ ɩɨ ɞɭɝɟ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɜ ɧɨɪ-
ɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ: |
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ɞɥɹ m ,75 ɦɦ |
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ɞɥɹ m > ,75 ɦɦ |
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Sn0 |
= ʌ·m - Sn1 + 2a . |
(4. 3) |
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Ɂɚɡɨɪ «Ʉ» ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ |
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ɜɩɚɞɢɧ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ: |
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ɩɪɢ m 1,75 ɦɦ |
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– K = 0,2 m. |
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ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɧɨɠɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ: |
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ɩɪɢ m 1,75 ɦɦ |
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ɩɪɢ m > 1,75 ɦɦ – |
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________________________
*) ɉɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɸ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡ-
ɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɦɭɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɭ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ.
8
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
D |
= d |
− 2h |
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(4. |
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8) |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ |
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ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ |
ɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɡɭɛɚ |
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ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ |
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D f |
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+ 2. |
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(4. 9) |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɏ = 0. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɧɨɠɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
(ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ):
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X = |
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Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ Sn0 |
ɢ Df : |
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Sn0 = Sn0 |
(ɩɪɟɠɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ) + 2·ɏ·tgĮ ; |
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Df = Df (ɩɪɟɠɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ) + 2·ɏ. |
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ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ: |
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ɩɪɢ m 1,75 ɦɦ |
– |
h |
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ɩɪɢ m > 1,75 ɦɦ |
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Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɨɜ (ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ) ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
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da0 = d0 + 2ha0 ; |
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ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
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da |
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h0 = |
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Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚ |
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ɤɚɧɚɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ |
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ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɯ |
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(m > ,75 ɦɦ) (ɪɢɫ.4. )
L = 0,4 + 0,1 m ;
(4.20)
(4.2 )
(4.22)
(4.23)
(4.24)
(4.25)
(4.26)
ɲɟɜɟɪɨɜ
(4.27)
82
ɨɤɪɭɝɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 0, ɦɦ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ. ȿɫɥɢ L > ,2 ɦɦ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ L = ,2 ɦɦ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɟ-
ɜɟɪɚ ( m > ,75 ɦɦ) ɧɚ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɡɭɛɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ:
– ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɜ ɬɨɪɰɨɜɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ
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– ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ |
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– ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭɡɭɛɚ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ |
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an0 |
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–ɪɚɡɦɟɪ Ɋ (ɪɢɫ.4. ) – ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɫɬɪɭɠɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɚɦɢ,
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɨɝɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɡɭɛɚ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ
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2 L cosβ |
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P = San |
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cos arctg(tgα |
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ȿɫɥɢ Ɋ 0, ɦɦ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɤɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ ɜɵ-
ɛɪɚɧ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɤ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɬɨɱɤɭ ɧɚ 0, ·ɚ (ɚ = ɚ (ɩɪɟɠɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ) – 0,1·ɚ), ɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ 4. 2,
ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɜɟɪɚ. ɂ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ P 0, ɦɦ.
83