Кафедра ДМ 09 04 2013 / Киреев - Расчёт И Проектирование Зуборезных Инструментов
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Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ Įn 2˚30'. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɢ-
ɦɚɸɬ Įn = 2˚30' – 3˚ ɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
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sinα |
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ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɚ Įɜ.
ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ x'0,
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+2x'0 m |
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(3. 8) |
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ɝɞɟ x'0 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ, |
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ |
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ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɟ ɡɭɛɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ. |
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Ɍɨɪɰɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ |
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ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ x'0, |
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dɜ |
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α '' |
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d'' |
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a0 |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ x'0, |
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+ (tgα |
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at0 |
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− α |
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at0 |
−α'' |
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d0 cosβ |
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a0 |
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ɉɪɢɪɚɜɧɹɜ S''at0 = Sat0, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ x'0. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
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+2x' |
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+ (tgαt |
− αt ) − (tgα''at |
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−α''at |
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d0 cosβ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɧɨɟ, ɬɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɹɜɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚ ɗȼɆ ɨɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
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* Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɵ 3. 8–3.23 ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɧɚ ɗȼɆ
64
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ x'0 ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ±2. ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ x'0 ɜ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ 3. 8–3.20 ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ S''at0 ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ Sat0, ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɧ-
ɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ 3.2 , ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ x'0 ɩɪɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
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(3.22) |
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0min |
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ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɭɛɚ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, |
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a'H = |
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cos β . |
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ɉɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɚɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɭɛɚ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ȼ.Ɏ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɵɦ [ 0]:
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0min |
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S' |
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cosβ |
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a′H = |
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(3.24) |
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2(d'a0 tgα'at0 −S'at0 ) tgαɜ − |
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ɝɞɟ ɋ – ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: |
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tgα ɜ tgα |
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tgα ɜ tgα |
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− tg |
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− tgγ tgα |
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tgα |
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ɉɪɢ ȕ = 0˚ |
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ɋɬɚɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ,
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− 2ρ p sin α t ) |
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α ''tw = arccos |
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65
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ,
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−invαt ) (d + d0) − 2x tgαt |
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ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ |
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɇ. ɚɇ |
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– ɷɬɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɢɡ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɚ'ɇ ɢ ɚ''ɇ, ɬ.ɟ. ɟɫɥɢ ɚ'ɇ - ɚ''ɇ > 0, ɬɨ ɚɇ = ɚ''ɇ. ȼ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɇ = ɚ'ɇ.
ɋɬɚɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɬ-
ɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɭɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɤɨɥɟ-
ɫɚ (ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɷɜɨɥɶɜɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɭɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨ-
ɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ),
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+ ρ 0 ) |
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αtw |
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ɝɞɟ ȡ10 – ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɞɨɥ-
ɛɹɤɚ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ: ȡ10 = 3 ɦɦ ɩɪɢ d0 = 80 ɦɦ; ȡ10 = 5 ɦɦ ɩɪɢ d0 =
00÷200 ɦɦ; ȡ10 = 2 ɦɦ ɩɪɢ d0 50 ɦɦ.
ȿɫɥɢ df1 < db1, ɬɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɟɧ-
ɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɩɨɞɪɟɡɤɢ ɧɨɠɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ, ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭ-
ɥɟ
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ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ Įtwc. ȿɫɥɢ df1 < db1, ɬɨ Įtwc – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɡ ɭɝɥɨɜ ĮIIItw ɢ ĮIVtw, ɬ.ɟ. ɟɫɥɢ
ĮIIItw - ĮIVtw > 0, ɬɨ Įtwc = ĮIIItw. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ Įtwc = ĮIVtw.
Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
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C |
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(invαtwc − invα t ) (d + d0) − 2x tgα ɜ m |
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(3.30) |
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Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɬɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ |
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H = aH – aC. |
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66
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ Ⱥ:
–ɟɫɥɢ ɇ ȼɪ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ȼɪ = ɇ, Ⱥ = ɚɇ;
–ɟɫɥɢ ɇ > ȼɪ, ɬɨ:
ɚ) ɩɪɢ ɚɇ < 0,5ȼɪ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ Ⱥ = ɚɇ;
ɛ) ɩɪɢ ɚɇ > 0,5ȼɪ |
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Ⱥ = 0,5ȼɪ; |
ɜ) ɩɪɢ | ɚɋ | < 0,5ȼɪ |
– |
Ⱥ = ȼɪ - | ɚɋ |. |
ȼɪ – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 3. ).
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ Ⱥ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɢɬɶ ɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ.
3.2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
ɋɬɚɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɨɪɰɭɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ
invα |
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twH |
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m cosβ |
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ɍɝɨɥ ĮtwH ɩɨ inv ĮtwH ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɗȼɆ. |
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ɋɬɚɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɨɪɰɭɫɬɚɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ |
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invα |
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2tgα (x + x0C ) |
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(3.33) |
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z + z0 |
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x0C = |
(A − B' p ) tgα ɜ |
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ɝɞɟ |
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m cos β |
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ȼ′P – ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɬɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ:
ɟɫɥɢ ɇ ȼɪ, ɬɨ ȼ'ɪ = ȼɪ; (3.34)
ɟɫɥɢ ɇ < ȼɪ, ɬɨ ȼ'ɪ = ɇ.
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
B = H + Bɢɡɧ, ɟɫɥɢ H ȼɪ;
B = ȼ'ɪ + Bɢɡɧ, ɟɫɥɢ H > ȼɪ.
Bɢɡɧ – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 3. .
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɚ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢ ɤ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɡɭɛɚ |
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S |
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+A c cos β . |
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(3.35) |
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ɇɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
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db |
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+ db |
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(3.36) |
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cosαtwH |
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Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɡɭɛɚ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɭ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
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a0 |
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cos arctg |
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cos β |
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α at0 |
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= arccos |
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da0 |
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ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ha0 |
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(3.38) |
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2cosγ ɜ |
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ɉɨɥɧɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɡɭɛɚ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
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h0 = h + 0,3m. |
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(3.39) |
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Ȼɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɞɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ |
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tgαɜ |
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tgαɜ |
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Ʉɨɪɪɢɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɪɰɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ (ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ Ȗ):
– ɞɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
αɢ = arctg(tgα + tgγ |
tgαɛɨɤ); |
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– ɞɥɹ «ɨɫɬɪɨɣ» (ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ) ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɡɭɛɚ ɭɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ *) |
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αɨɫɬ = arctg |
(tgα + tgγ |
tgαɛɨɤ) cosαɛɨɤ |
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(3.42) |
cos(β + αɛɨɤ) |
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_____________________________
*) Ⱦɨɥɛɹɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɲɟɜɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɫ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɲɟɜɪɨɧɨɦ.
68
– ɞɥɹ «ɬɭɩɨɣ» (ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ) ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɡɭɛɚ ɭɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
αɬɭɩ |
= arctg |
(tgα + tgγ tgαɛɨɤ) cosαɛɨɤ |
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(3.43) |
cos(β − αɛɨɤ) |
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Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɟɝɨ
ɡɭɛɶɟɜ: |
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ɞɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
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dbo = d0 cosαɢ; |
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ɞɥɹ «ɨɫɬɪɨɣ» ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
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ɨɫɬ; |
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– ɞɥɹ «ɬɭɩɨɣ» ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
d = d cosα . boɬɭɩ 0 ɬɭɩ
Ɂɚɞɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɜ ɨɫɟɜɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
α= arctg tgα ɜ .
ɤcos β
(3.45)
(3.46)
(3.47)
ɍɝɨɥ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɡɭɛɚ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɪɢ-
ɜɢɡɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ
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(h* − h* − x |
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sin 2αt |
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ɝɞɟ h*l – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ. h*l = 2 ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ |
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ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. |
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ρ l0 = 0,5d0 sinα t |
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ɍɝɨɥ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ (ɫɦ. ȽɈɋɌ 9323-79, ɫ.42) |
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ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ |
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Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɝɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɡɭɛɚ ɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɪɨ-
ɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ
δν al0 = α al0 −ν l0 .
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɡɭɛɚ ɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
A'= A/ cos β .
Ɂɚɞɧɢɣ ɭɝɨɥ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ:
–ɞɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
αn = arctg(tgα ɜ sinαɢ);
–ɞɥɹ «ɨɫɬɪɨɣ» ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
αnɨɫɬ = arctg(tgα ɜ sinα ɨɫɬ);
–ɞɥɹ «ɬɭɩɨɣ» ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɤɨɫɨɡɭɛɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
α nɬɭɩ = arctg(tgαɜ sinα ɬɭɩ).
(3.5 )
(3.52)
(3.53)
(3.54)
(3.55)
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.2.
ɇɨɦɢ- |
Ɇɨ- |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ |
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɛɨ- |
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
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ɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ |
ɞɭɥɶ |
ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨ- |
ɜɵɬɨɱɤɢ, |
ɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ- |
(ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧ.) |
|||
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ |
m, ɦɦ |
ɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪ- |
ɦɦ |
|
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚ- |
|
||
ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
|
ɫɬɢɹ, ɦɦ |
|
|
|
ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
d0, ɦɦ |
|
dɨɬɜ |
b1 |
Ⱦ |
|
b2 |
Ⱦ2 |
ȼ |
80 |
–5 |
3 ,75 |
8 |
50 |
|
9 |
0,7da0 ɫ ɨɤɪɭɝ- |
2– 7 |
|
– ,75 |
44,45 |
8 |
70 |
|
9 |
ɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ |
7 |
|
|
|
||||||
00 |
2–5 |
44,45 |
0 |
70 |
|
|
ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ |
20 |
|
|
|
||||||
|
6–8 |
44,45 |
2 |
70 |
|
3 |
5 ɦɦ ɜ ɦɟɧɶ- |
22 |
|
2–4,5 |
44,45 |
0 |
80 |
|
|
ɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ |
22–24 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
25 |
5– 0 |
44,45 |
4 |
80 |
|
5 |
|
28 |
|
6–7 |
88,9 |
6 |
20 |
|
7 |
|
30 |
60 |
8– 0 |
88,9 |
20 |
20 |
|
2 |
|
32 |
200 |
8– 2 |
0 ,6 |
25 |
40 |
|
26 |
|
40 |
70
Ɋɢɫ. 3. . Ⱦɨɥɛɹɤɢ: ɚ) ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɣ; ɛ) ɱɚɲɟɱɧɵɣ
7
Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɢɫ.3. , ɢ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.2 ɞɥɹ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɨɜ, ɪɢɫ.3. ,ɛ ɢ ɬɚɛɥ.3.3 – ɞɥɹ ɱɚɲɟɱ-
ɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɲɟɱɧɵɣ ɞɨɥɛɹɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɣ ɞɨɥ-
ɛɹɤ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɚɣɤɚ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, ɦɟɲɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɟ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɡɭɛɨɞɨɥɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɜɭɯɜɟɧɰɨɜɵɯ ɡɭɛɱɚ-
ɬɵɯ ɤɨɥɟɫ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.3.
ɇɨɦɢ- |
Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ |
Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ |
Ⱦɢɚ- |
|
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ |
|
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ |
|||
ɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ |
m, ɦɦ |
ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨ- |
ɫɬɭɩɢɰɵ |
ɦɟɬɪ |
ɡɭɛɶɟɜ, ɦɦ |
ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
|||||
ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ |
|
ɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪ- |
|
ɜɵɬɨɱ- |
|
|
|
|
(ɫɩɪɚ- |
||
ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ |
|
ɫɬɢɹ, ɦɦ |
|
ɤɢ, ɦɦ |
|
|
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|
ɜɨɱɧ.) |
||
d , ɦɦ |
|
ɨɬɜ |
|
Ⱦ |
Ⱦ |
Ⱦ |
ȼ |
|
ɫɩɪɚɜ |
|
ɇ |
0 |
|
d |
b1 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
( |
|
.) |
|
|
– ,5 |
3 ,75 |
8 |
64 |
50 |
56 |
|
|
0 |
|
28 |
80 |
,75–2,5 |
3 ,75 |
0 |
64 |
50 |
56 |
|
|
3 |
|
30 |
|
2,5–3,5 |
3 ,75 |
0 |
60 |
50 |
56 |
|
|
5 |
|
30 |
|
– ,5 |
44,45 |
8 |
80 |
63 |
70 |
|
|
5 |
|
30 |
00 |
,75–4,25 |
44,45 |
2 |
80 |
63 |
70 |
|
|
8 |
|
32 |
|
4,5–6,5 |
44,45 |
2 |
72 |
63 |
70 |
|
|
20 |
|
34 |
3.3. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ
ɡɭɛɨɪɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ
Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ : . ȼɢɞɵ, ɪɚɡɪɟɡɵ ɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɛóɥɶɲɟɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ.
Ⱦɨɥɛɹɤɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ Ɋ6Ɇ5, Ɋ6Ɇ5Ʉ5,
Ɋ9Ʉ5, Ɋ9Ʉ 0 ȽɈɋɌ 9265-73.
Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ: ɤɥ. ȺȺ – ɞɥɹ 6-ɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɥ. Ⱥ – ɞɥɹ 7-ɣ, ɤɥ. ȼ – ɞɥɹ 8-ɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨ-
ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ra 2,5 ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɟɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨ-
72
ɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.4.
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɛɹɤɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 ɢ 3.8.
ɇɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫȽɈɋɌ 2308-79 ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ:
–ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 3.9;
–ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 3. 0;
–ɬɨɪɰɨɜɨɟ ɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 3. ;
–ɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧ ɡɭɛɶɟɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 3. 2;
–ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɢɟɧɢɟ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɟɧɰɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥ. 3. 3.
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.4. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɒɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɨɫɬɶ Ra, ɦɤɦ |
|||||
ɉɟɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
ȺȺ, Ⱥ |
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0,4 |
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||
ɡɭɛɶɟɜ |
ȼ |
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0,4 |
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||
Ɉɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ |
ȺȺ, Ⱥ, ȼ |
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0,2 |
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||
ɉɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ |
ȺȺ |
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0,2 |
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||
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Ⱥ, ȼ |
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0,2 |
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ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ- |
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ɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ȺȺ, Ⱥ, ȼ |
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0,8 |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3.5. |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ |
|
Ʉɥɚɫɫ |
|
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Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ m, ɦɦ |
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ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ |
ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ |
|
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɋɜ. |
ɋɜ. |
ɋɜɵ- |
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Ɉɬ |
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ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ d0, ɦɦ |
|
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ɞɨ 3,5 |
3,5 ɞɨ |
6,5 |
ɲɟ 0 |
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6,5 |
ɞɨ 0 |
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Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤ, ɦɤɦ |
|
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Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɫɚ- |
Ⱦɨ 50 |
|
ȺȺ, Ⱥ |
|
|
+ 5 |
|
– |
ɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪ- |
ɋɜ. 50 ɞɨ 20 |
|
ȺȺ, Ⱥ |
– |
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+ 6 |
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ɫɬɢɹ dɨɬɜ |
Ⱦɨ 50 |
|
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– |
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ɋɜ. 50 ɞɨ 20 |
|
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– |
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+ 0 |
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73