- •Глава 1topic 1: principles of translation
- •1.1. Notes on the Profession of the Translator
- •1.2. Professional pride
- •1.3. Income
- •1.4. Speed
- •1.5. Enjoyment
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the Topic
- •Глава 2topic 2: theory of interpretation
- •2.1. Background of interpretation theory (it)
- •2.2. First translation of the Bible as a milestone in the history of interpretation and the development of world civilization. A bit of later history of interpretation
- •St. Jerome’s Oath
- •2.3. Deciphering the inscriptions on the Rosetta stone
- •2.4. A brief history of interpretation in the 20th Century
- •Глава 3topic 3: interpretation and contemporary life
- •3.1. XX century as a “golden age” of interpretation
- •3.2. Conference interpreting, professional training and diplomatic interpretation in XX century
- •3.3. Stagnation in economy – boom of interpretation
- •3.4. Interpretation in the New Millennium
- •3.5. The Very Beginning of Simultaneous Interpretation
- •Глава 4 Глава 5topic 4: interpretation activity
- •4.1. Translation and Interpretation Modes
- •4.2. Specific Skills required for interpreting
- •4.3. Simultaneous translation as a special kind of translating
- •4.4. Professional ethics and moral code of interpreters
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in previous topics
- •Big agribusiness draws cash
- •Глава 6topic 5: perception and understanding Глава 7of messages in interpreting
- •5.1. Sense Perception and Understanding
- •5.2. The “Inner Speech” of the Interpreter
- •5.3. Interpreting without “Understanding” the Sense
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the topic
- •Kozak boat discovered in Dnipro River
- •Глава 8topic 6: types of contexts and contextual relationships in oral discourse
- •6.1. Text, Context and Discourse
- •6.2. Types of Contexts and Contextual Relationships
- •6.3. Recommendations for interpreters
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 6
- •A Diet of Worms and Butterflies
- •Глава 9topic 7: semantic aspects of interpretation
- •7.1. Semantic Structure of the Oral Message and its Main Components
- •7.2. The Role of the Rhematic Components
- •In Comprehending and Interpreting Oral Messages
- •7.3. Rendering “evaluative component” of messages in interpreting
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 7
- •Глава 10topic 8: semantic redundancy of oral messages. Interpreter's note–taking
- •8.1. Semantic Redundancy as one of the Main Properties of Oral Discourse
- •8.2. Ways of Ensuring Semantic Redundancy of Oral Messages
- •8.3. Semantic Redundancy: Recommendations for Interpreters
- •8.4. Interpreter's Note–taking
- •Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
- •How the Zero was Discovered
- •Legacy of death, bad health lingers from Chornobyl blast
Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
semantic redundancy |
семантична надмірність |
lexical cohesion |
лексична когезія |
repetition links |
зв'язки, що базуються на лексико-семантичному повторенні мовних одиниць |
interrelation links |
зв'язки, що базуються на лексико-семантичному співвідношенні мовних одиниць |
simple lexical repetition |
просте лексичне повторення |
complex lexical repetition |
складне лексичне повторення |
simple paraphrase |
проста парафраза |
complex paraphrase |
складна парафраза |
co-reference repetition |
кореферентне повторення |
substitution |
субституція, заміщення |
interpreter's note-taking (IN) |
(універсальний) перекладацький скоропис (УПС) |
precision lexicon |
прецизійна лексика (числівники, дати, відсотки, власні імена, назви тощо) |
Questions for discussion:
Give the reasons why semantic redundancy is considered to be one of the most important properties of oral discourse.
What are the main ways of ensuring semantic redundancy of messages?
Comment upon the main repetition links in oral discourse.
Comment upon the main interrelation links in oral discourse.
How can redundant elements of oral discourse help interpreters do their job?
Comment upon the main principles of interpreter's note-taking and the sphere of its application.
Translate the following texts on sight:
How the Zero was Discovered
In the backwaters of time, before Hammurabi compiled his Code or Akhenaton renounced the Ruling Lord of Thebes, in a region known for its heat and abundance of humankind, a man whose name perhaps will never be pronounced was working hard and long upon a treatise that had come to him from Mesopotamia.
The man was weary from long hours of concentration. The curious numeration of the Sumerians, cuneiform in construction, was uncommonly hard to decipher; it had taken its toll. He put down his dustboard and repaired to the shade of a mustard tree for a short nap. Sleep came grudgingly; this was not unusual for an old man. Yet it was during this fitful sleep that he dreamt a dream.
In this dream he saw what no man had seen before. It appeared to him as the Eye of God. And this was possessed of a voice, in that it spoke to him:
"I am Nothingness. I can be united to something and only that something remains. I can be taken away in like manner. I am Void, yet, if something is multiplied or divided by Myself, only I shall remain.
In time, learned men will come to say that the Earth, itself, revolves upon Me. I am Emptiness. I will be worshipped as a secret symbol. My name will be whispered and uttered only in select company and darkened rooms.
I am Nothing, it is true, but I am also the steppingstone to the stars and the key to the secrets of the atom. I shall be called an Integer and described as Real. I am Rational. And, most importantly, I am Good."
Upon awakening, the unknown Hindu set down his dust board and drew upon it the Eye of God.
Thus did the Zero intrude itself upon the Universe.