- •Глава 1topic 1: principles of translation
- •1.1. Notes on the Profession of the Translator
- •1.2. Professional pride
- •1.3. Income
- •1.4. Speed
- •1.5. Enjoyment
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the Topic
- •Глава 2topic 2: theory of interpretation
- •2.1. Background of interpretation theory (it)
- •2.2. First translation of the Bible as a milestone in the history of interpretation and the development of world civilization. A bit of later history of interpretation
- •St. Jerome’s Oath
- •2.3. Deciphering the inscriptions on the Rosetta stone
- •2.4. A brief history of interpretation in the 20th Century
- •Глава 3topic 3: interpretation and contemporary life
- •3.1. XX century as a “golden age” of interpretation
- •3.2. Conference interpreting, professional training and diplomatic interpretation in XX century
- •3.3. Stagnation in economy – boom of interpretation
- •3.4. Interpretation in the New Millennium
- •3.5. The Very Beginning of Simultaneous Interpretation
- •Глава 4 Глава 5topic 4: interpretation activity
- •4.1. Translation and Interpretation Modes
- •4.2. Specific Skills required for interpreting
- •4.3. Simultaneous translation as a special kind of translating
- •4.4. Professional ethics and moral code of interpreters
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in previous topics
- •Big agribusiness draws cash
- •Глава 6topic 5: perception and understanding Глава 7of messages in interpreting
- •5.1. Sense Perception and Understanding
- •5.2. The “Inner Speech” of the Interpreter
- •5.3. Interpreting without “Understanding” the Sense
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the topic
- •Kozak boat discovered in Dnipro River
- •Глава 8topic 6: types of contexts and contextual relationships in oral discourse
- •6.1. Text, Context and Discourse
- •6.2. Types of Contexts and Contextual Relationships
- •6.3. Recommendations for interpreters
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 6
- •A Diet of Worms and Butterflies
- •Глава 9topic 7: semantic aspects of interpretation
- •7.1. Semantic Structure of the Oral Message and its Main Components
- •7.2. The Role of the Rhematic Components
- •In Comprehending and Interpreting Oral Messages
- •7.3. Rendering “evaluative component” of messages in interpreting
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 7
- •Глава 10topic 8: semantic redundancy of oral messages. Interpreter's note–taking
- •8.1. Semantic Redundancy as one of the Main Properties of Oral Discourse
- •8.2. Ways of Ensuring Semantic Redundancy of Oral Messages
- •8.3. Semantic Redundancy: Recommendations for Interpreters
- •8.4. Interpreter's Note–taking
- •Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
- •How the Zero was Discovered
- •Legacy of death, bad health lingers from Chornobyl blast
Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the topic
denotatum (pl denotata) |
денотат; об'єкт; те, що можна назвати певним іменем |
glossary |
глосарій; тлумачний словник |
inner speech |
внутрішня мова |
language sign |
мовний знак |
meaning |
значення |
perception |
сприйняття; сприймання; перцепція, "ментальна обробка" повідомлення (мовного знаку) |
sense |
зміст |
source language (SL) |
мова джерела; мова оригіналу |
speech message |
мовленнєве повідомлення |
subject field |
предметна галузь |
target language (TL) |
мова перекладу |
thesaurus |
тезаурус; сукупність понятьз певної галузі; словник для пошуку слів за їхнім змістом |
understanding |
розуміння |
utterance |
висловлювання |
Practical assignments
Translate the following text in a written form and then practise its two-way interpretation:
Euro 2012: facelift in full swing
The state targeted program Euro 2012 envisages the allocation of UAH 26 bn for financing the hosting of the final leg of the European Football Championship 2012 in Ukraine. Today, four cities are doing their best to prepare for the tournament.
Direct expenses include the construction of two stadiums that meet FIFA and UEFA standards in Kyiv and in Lviv. The rest – roads, airports, landing/take off strips at airports and infrastructure - are investments not simply into the championship, but in the country's future. Vice Premier Borys Kolesnykov has said implementation of the national program will attract over UAH 80 bn in private investments.
Kyiv: goalkeeper of the country
Without the Olympic Stadium in Kyiv, there will be no Euro 2012 in Ukraine, the organizer of the future championship Michele Platini warned. That is why the deadlines for work on the stadium are under the strict control of Ukrainian officials. The steel frame of reinforced concrete is practically complete. Commissioning of the new Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex, which is the main venue for hosting Euro 2012 in Ukraine, is planned for June 2011, after which it will be given the status of a premium stadium.
In addition, the state-owned Boryspil International Airport is engaged in a Euro 2012 preparation program. The construction of Terminal F estimated at UAH 413.1 mn is complete. Terminal D is under construction and the F platform and Terminal B undergo reconstruction. The throughput capacity of Terminal F is 900 passengers per hour for departure and 900 passengers for arrival. In the peak season it can be increased to 1,500 passengers per hour. The Kyiv Airport in Zhulyany is also under reconstruction. By March 2011, the reconstructed terminal is scheduled to accept the first aircraft. At the end of next year, the new international terminal, the project of which was recently approved at the city planning council, should be put into operation. By the beginning of the championship, the airport will be able to receive up to 10 flights an hour, which will help Boryspil cope with the passenger inflow. An extension of the landing strip will allow the Zhulyany Airport accept Boeing-737 and Airbus-320 aircraft.
Donetsk: infrastructure catching up with the arena
With the main sports facility of Donetsk – ultra-modern stadium Donbas Arena opened in August 2009 being fully ready for Euro 2012, investment in sports facilities and development of infrastructure for reconstruction of the international airport and construction of the required number of hotels for visiting fans of the championship continues. By the way, construction of the stadium with the development of the adjoining territory (a park) costs US $400 mn, which is the lion's share of the investment made by Donetsk entrepreneur and president of Shakhtar FC Rinat Akhmetov. An important transport junction is being built not far from Donbas Arena The reconstruction of central streets calling for the widening of roads is underway. As for hotels, Donetsk is short only of 5-star hotels, according to UEFA requirements. Meanwhile, 3- and 4-star hotels are undergoing radical facelifts. Over 9 months of 2010, the volume of investments into the air transport infrastructure, in particular the construction of the Donetsk International Airport, totaled UAH 175.8 mn. Another UAH 314.3 mn were invested this year into the construction of the new landing/take-off strip of the highest safety category that will be able to receive the landing of aircraft of all types. Its testing will begin in April 2011 and in December it will be commissioned.
Lviv: in pursuit of lost time
Lagging behind the national program, Lviv was many times a candidate for being ousted from the list of candidates for hosting the European tournament. This year, the construction of the stadium for Euro 2012 in Lviv was started practically from scratch.
Today, it is a priority project of the government which allocated around UAH 18 bn for its implementation. Construction on the outskirts of the city is in full swing and the site is already taking on the appearance of the future stadium. The construction of a new terminal and an extended landing/take-off strip is under way at the Lviv International Airport. By the time the championship gets underway, a new bus station will be opened between the old and new airport terminals with a throughput capacity of 3,000 passengers.
The Lviv Bus Plant together with Scania and Mercedes became official transporters of Euro 2012, landing UAH 3.5 bn contracts.
Kharkiv: a nice surprise
Ever since Kharkiv changed its status from a reserve city to a host city, it continues to please UEFA controllers with its high speed of preparation for Euro 2012. UEFA Secretary General Gianni Infantino gave a grade of "excellent" to the airport and the Metalist Stadium. Construction of a 5-star hotel in downtown Kharkiv has begun and the program of road reconstruction is under way. The main investor and coordinator of the preparation of Kharkiv for Euro 2012 President of Metalist FC Oleksandr Yaroslavskiy points that reconstruction of the main sports arena in the city was finished ahead of schedule (it was unveiled in December 2009). Work on its improvement continues. The new terminal of the Kharkiv International Airport was opened three months ahead of schedule at the end of August 2010. At the moment, the existing terminal is under reconstruction and a special temporary terminal that will increase throughput capacity of the airport to 2,500 passengers per hour by Euro 2012 is currently in the works.
Make on-sight translation of the following text: