- •Unit 1 history of footwear text a
- •Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •Read and remember the following phrases:
- •Read and translate the following text: history of footwear
- •Answer the questions:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •Read the text and define the main idea of it: from the history of the western boot
- •Make up a plan of the text.
- •Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •Questions for discussion:
- •Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text ‘shoes in the costume institute’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit 2 footwear text a
- •I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: footwear
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: footwear in summer and winter
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •Unit 3 footwear styles text a
- •Read and remember the following phrases:
- •Read and translate the following text: footwear styles
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and remember:
- •Read the text and define the main idea of it: types of shoes
- •Make up a plan of the text.
- •Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •Questions for discussion:
- •Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •Listen to the text “top types of women’s shoes” and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit 4 footwear for special purposes text a
- •Listen and remember the following words:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: footwear and work
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and remember:
- •Read the text and define the main idea of it: athletic shoes
- •Make up a plan of the text.
- •Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •Questions for discussion:
- •Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •Listen to the text ‘arch supports in orthopedic footwear’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit 5 footwear materials text a
- •Listen and remember the following words:
- •Read and remember the following phrases:
- •Read and translate the following text: footwear materials
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and remember:
- •Read the text and define the main idea of it: coated fabrics in footwear manufacture
- •Make up a plan of the text.
- •Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •Questions for discussion:
- •Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •Listen to the text ‘soling materials’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit 6 leather and its preparation text a
- •Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: leather
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combination:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea: forms of leather
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •VI. Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit 7 Leather Types text a
- •Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •Read and remember the following phrases:
- •Read and translate the following text: leather types
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •1. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: the most common leathers
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text ‘leather from other animals’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit 8 footwear design and designers text a
- •Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •Read and remember the following phrases:
- •Read and translate the following text: footwear design
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and remember:
- •Read the text and define the main idea of it: training and qualifications
- •Make up a plan of the text.
- •Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •Questions for discussion:
- •Unit IX footwear parts text a
- •I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: Shoe uppers
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: The bottom of the shoe
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •VI. Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text ‘the major parts of a shoe’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit X lasts text a
- •I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: Last
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: Lasts in shoemaking
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •VI. Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text ‘shoe last design’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit XI methods of shoe construction text a
- •I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: Methods of shoe construction
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: Shoe сonstruction
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •VI. Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text ‘moulded and non-moulded shoes’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit XII leather goods text a
- •I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: Manufacture of gloves and handbags
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: Some historical facts about women’s gloves and handbags
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •Unit XIII horse tack text a
- •I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: Horse tack: saddles, stirrups and martingales
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: Horse Tack: Bridles and Breastplates
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text ‘riding boots’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit XIV the genesis of shoe machinery text a
- •I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: Shoe-making machines
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •Read and remember:
- •Read the text and define the main idea of it: Shoe-sewing machines
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •VI. Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text “mothers of invention” and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit XV
- •I. Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •II. Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: cad/cam in Footwear Manufacture
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: Shoe uppers and soles design
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •VI. Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text ‘cad shoe last design’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Unit XVI footwear industry text a
- •Read and remember the words and their translation:
- •Read and remember the following phrases:
- •III. Read and translate the following text: Light industry of Ukraine
- •Answer the questions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
- •X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Read and remember:
- •II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: The European footwear industry
- •III. Make up a plan of the text.
- •IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.
- •V. Questions for discussion:
- •VI. Render the text in brief in a written form. Text c
- •I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:
- •II. Listen to the text ‘eu footwear industry regulation’ and decide if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:
- •Texts for home reading module I
- •Read and translate the following text: high-heeled footwear
- •Module II
- •Read and translate the following text: stiletto heel
- •Module III
- •Read and translate the following text: the wellington boot
- •Module IV
- •Read and translate the following text: flip-flops
- •Module V
- •I. Read and translate the following text: The best shoe
- •Module VI
- •I. Read and translate the following text: Midsole
- •Module VII
- •I. Read and translate the following text: Outsole
- •Module VIII
- •I. Read and translate the following text: Shoe polish
IV. Answer the questions:
1. How many forms is leather sold in?
2. What will develop a natural “patina” and grow more beautiful over time?
3. What kind of leather are the finest leather furniture and footwear made from?
4. What two main types can full-grain leather be sold in?
5. Is corrected grain leather any top-grain one?
6. Why are top-grain leather surfaces sanded or buffed?
7. What kind of leather is created from fibrous part of hide?
8. What material can be used to create suede?
9. What splits are the strongest suedes usually made from?
10. What is a reversed suede?
V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
1. Only the hair has been removed from the … .
2. The best raw hides are used in order to create full-grain … .
3. The … are corrected and an artificial grain applied.
4. The … can be further split into a middle split and a flesh split.
5. Splits can be also used to create … .
VI. Find the English equivalents to the words:
типи шкіри, поверхня, шліфувати, меблі, погана якість, дефект, тавро, товщина, зворотна замша, видима поверхня
VII. Make up sentences with the terms:
an epidermis, the hair, durability, a surface, artificial grain, to split, glue, suede, technique, product
VIII. Give definitions to the words:
an upper section of a hide, an epidermis, breathability, an imperfection, full-grain leather, corrected-grain leather, a split, a suede, a technique, an article
IX. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Обізнаність із видами шкіри допоможе стати спеціалістом у виробництві виробів із шкіри.
2. Найкраща шкіра для виробництва взуття та меблів виготовлюється із не шліфованого спілка.
3. Тільки кращі шкури можна використовувати для виробництва не шліфованої шкіри.
4. Тільки шкіра високої якості може бути пофарбована аніліновою фарбою без покриття плівкою.
5. Шкура тварини, яка має недоліки (дефекти) підлягає шліфуванню та поліруванню.
6. Штучне покриття використовується після виправлення недоліків.
7. Після двоїння шкіри ми отримуємо шкіру високої якості та спілок.
8. Спілок використовується для вироблення замши.
9. Шкіра виготовлена із не шліфованої шкіри більш зносостійка ніж замша.
10. Замша дешевше тому, що її можна виготовляти із різних шматочків спілка.
X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
to be referring to, natural state, the best fibre strength, the finest leather furniture and footwear, to have surfaces sanded or buffed, interior quality, pigmented leather, split leather, to separate from hide, to create suede, visible surface
TEXT B
1. Read and remember:
1. buckskin – оленяча шкіра
2. patent leather – лакована шкіра
3. suede-like hide – схожий на замшу
4. to rot – гнити
5. coating – покриття
6. stingray - електричний скат
7. trimming – оздоблення
8. indigenous – тубільний, місцевий
9. slink – шкура ненародженого теляти
10. bicast leather – штучна шкіра
II. Read the text and define the main idea of it: the most common leathers
The International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemist Societies has a full glossary of leather terms that gives the definitions to the most common types and forms of leather.
Thus, the most common leathers include:
Buckskin or brained leather is a tanning process that uses animal brains or other fatty materials to alter the leather. The resulting supple, suede-like hide is usually smoked heavily to prevent it from rotting.
Patent leather is leather that has been given a high gloss finish. The original process was developed in Newark, New Jersey, by inventor Seth Boyden in 1818. Patent leather usually has a plastic coating.
Shagreen is also known as Stingray skin/leather. It is used in furniture production date as far back as the art deco period. The word "Shagreen" originates from France and is commonly confused with a shark skin and stingray skin combination.
Vachetta leather is used in the trimmings of luggage and handbags, popularized by Louis Vuitton. The leather is left untreated and is therefore susceptible to water and stains. Sunlight will cause the natural leather to darken in shade, called a patina.
Slink is leather made from the skin of unborn calves. It is particularly soft, and is valued for use in making gloves.
Deer Skin is one of the toughest leathers, partially due to adaptations to their thorny and thicket filled habitats. Deerskin has been prized in many societies including indigenous Americans. Most modern deer skin is no longer procured from the wild, with "deer farms" breeding the animals specifically for the purpose of their skins.
Deer skin is used in jackets and overcoats, professional sporting equipment, as well as high quality personal accessories like handbags and wallets. It commands a high price due to its relative rarity and proven durability.
Nubuck is top-grain cattle hide leather that has been sanded or buffed on the grain side, or outside, to give a slight nap of short protein fibers, producing a velvet-like surface.
There are two other descriptions of leather commonly used in specialty products, such as briefcases, wallets, and luggage.
Belting leather is afull grain leather that was originally used in driving pulley belts and other machinery. It is often found on the surface of briefcases, portfolios, and wallets, and can be identified by its thick, firm feel and smooth finish. Belting leather is the only kind of leather used in luxury products that can retain its shape without the need for a separate frame; it is generally a heavy-weight of full-grain, vegetable-tanned leather.
Nappa leather, or Napa leather, is extremely soft and supple and is commonly found in higher quality wallets, toiletry kits, and other personal leather goods. The following are not 'true' leathers, but contain leather material: Bonded leather , or "Reconstituted leather", is not really a true leather but a man-made material composed of 90% to 100% leather fibers. Bonded leather is not as durable as other leathers, and is recommended for use only if the product will be used infrequently. Bicast leather is a man-made product. Most of the strength of bicast leather comes from the polyurethane coating. Bicast was originally made for the shoe industry and recently was adopted by the furniture industry.