Текст 5.

What is important for showing a person’s status in an organization?

Mutual relations between person and direction depend on his status in this company. If you work as the courier you do not get any special privileges. If you are a qualified top-manager, you are treated in another way by staff. The status of the worker depends on many factors, but the basic certainly are professional skills and abilities. In fact, if you are general manager of a large company, you will not be treated in the same way, as it is concerning worker of an average link.

Secondly, status depends on your privileges and opportunities in the company. If you have your own office with a window which has more than one seat you can easy engage in the business and carry on the important negotiations. Having a secretary is quite good: it releases you from such trifles, as reception of bells, arrangement meetings and various paper work, or work with different documents.

The presence of a company credit card or taking holidays when you like tell about a high level of trust to you on the part of a management of the company. A company car with reserved parking space and your name on your door also underline your high status in this company.

Текст 6.

Describe any organisation in terms of good and bad qualities.

There are a lot of different adjectives, which describe good and bad qualities of organization. I think it would be better to tell you about each of them.

In my opinion any organization should be professional. It means that the manager of a company and its staff should know the aims of organization and the way they can be achieved. If organization will be professional, it can increase competitiveness of the company.

Further, discipline in any organization is also an important factor. Expert management and marketing depends on this factor first of all. Staff should not be allowed to sit where they want and work when they want.

The observation all of these aspects especially needs and request of the staff will describe the organization as democratic. And of course it’s a good quality.

The next I’d like to add is that professional direction of a company will try to make it decentralized to give their staff enough freedom to realize its activity. Centralized company is characterized by plan economy which doesn’t show wonderful results.

To sum up I’d like to tell, that if I was a manager or a sole trader I’d take into account all these factors and among other things my company would be welcoming to create a good impression.

Текст 7.

What three famous speculations do you know? Describe one in detail.

The most famous three speculations are The South Sea Bubble, Tulipomania and The Wall Street Crush. I will describe the third of them.

The stock crash in the United States in 1929 was huge and it led to a severe and lasting economic crisis in the world. Many bankers and industrials lost their money and reputations. Some went to prison and others committed suicide.

Share prices on the New York stock exchange had begun rising in 1924, and in 1928 and 1929 they rocketed to unbelievable levels. In spring 1929 there was a break in the rising prices when the Federal Reserve Bank said it might raise interest rates to slow down the boom. However, a major bank, the National city Bank, assured investors that it would continue to lend money to them at affordable rates.

Soon the market took off again. People could buy stock for 10% of its value and borrow the remaining 90%. The lending rate varied from 7% to 12%. Almost everyone was optimistic. One economist, at the peak of the boom, said people generally agreed ‘stocks are not at present overvalued’. It all ended on 21 October, 1929. The market opened badly and there was heavy selling. Confidence in the market disappeared. There was a rumour that the big bankers were getting out of the market. Share prices fell dramatically and kept on falling. The boom was over. But its consequences would last for years to come.