Вариант 4 text а fires in america

At the beginning of the settlement of America there were serious setbacks because of fire. The first permanent colony in Virginia was destroyed by fire and then, in 1623, the colony in Plymouth was nearly destructed by fire.

Several reasons can explain why fire was such a hazard in the early American colonies: building their homes the English settlers had to use traditional building methods and materials of rural England. If a fire started the total destruction of all the buildings was almost assured and conflagrations were common.

Benjamin Franklin in 1736 recommended the formation of a volunteer fire company and served as the first fire chief in America. Later other famous men were involved in volunteer fire protection.

On October, 9, 1871, the fire destroyed most of the city of Chicago. The anniversary of this fire is commemorated by Fire Prevention Day established in 1922. The observance of Fire Prevention Week reminds us of the great destructiveness of fire and the importance of its prevention.

1. Прочтите текст.

2. Дайте английские соответствия:

Серьезные препятствия, из-за, постоянное поселение, полное разрушение, добровольная пожарная дружина, начальник пожарной охраны, большой пожар, проведение недели пожарной профилактики, разрушительная сила пожара.

3. Из 2 абзаца текста выпишите предложения с глаголом ‘to be’. Определите, является он вспомогательным или смысловым. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

4. Образуйте степени сравнения прилагательных famous и great.

5. Выпишите предложение с модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами и переведите их на русский язык.

6. Найдите в тексте предложения, содержащие пассивный залог, выпишите одно из них и переведите его на русский язык.

7. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению в Present Simple и Past Simple, подчеркните глаголы и переведите предложения на русский язык.

8. Найдите в тексте числительные и запишите их словами.

Text b foam

Foam is a frothy product which is similar in appearance to soap-suds. It is so light that it flows in any liquid. Foam is the most effective extinguishing agent for fires of liquids which are not mixed with water, e.g. petrol, paraffin, spirit, paints, oils and many others.

It is well-known that liquids themselves don't burn, but the mixture of air and the vapour given off from these liquids burns.

The combustion doesn't occur usually at the surface of the liquid, where the proportion of vapour to air is too great to form a combustible mixture.

Foam is used in such quantities to cover the whole surface of the burning liquids with a blanket which excludes air and prevents the formation of vapor. The properties of the foam are the following: flow freely over a surface of the liquid to form a blanket; resist heat, flames and wind; retain its water content for a long period.

There are two classes of foam: chemical and mechanical Chemical foam is produced by a chemical reaction. Mechanical foam does not involve any chemical action in its preparation. It is known that foam has many advantages over vaporizing liquids. Although foam is particularly well suited to fires of liquids, it may also be useful on fires of ordinary combustible materials, such as paper, textiles and so on, when the water supply is limited.

1. Сделайте письменный перевод текста.

2. Выпишите слова с окончанием -s, определите, к какой части речи они

относятся.

3. Выпишите местоимения из текста, определите, к какому типу они относятся (личные, притяжательные, указательные и т.д.)

4. Задайте все типы вопросов к предложению:

Foam flows in any liquids.

5. Найдите в последнем абзаце текста причастия I и причастия II, выпишите их, переведите письменно на русский язык.

6. Составьте резюме:

1. Name/Surname

2. Address

3. Telephone No.

4. Date and Place of Birth

5. Nationality

6. Marital status

7. Education

8. Languages

9. Courses and professional training

10. Work experience

11. Computer skills

12. Interests