- •Тюменский государственный университет
- •О.Б. Пономарева, е.Ю. Пономарева Английская стилистика a Manual in English Stylistics
- •Stylistics and its Subdivisions
- •Process of reading is decoding
- •Expressive Means (em) and Stylistic Devices (sd)
- •The philological circle (the circle of understanding) – l Spitzer
- •Synonymous ways of rendering one and the same idea;
- •Seminar 1 General problems of stylistics Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •1.1. Dictionary definitions of style
- •1.2. Style in literary criticism and reviews of books
- •1.3. Raymond Queneau's Exercises in Style
- •Recommended literature:
- •2.1. The phonetic level of stylistic analysis
- •Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Questions and tasks
- •Sound instrumentation
- •Alliteration Assonance Onomatopoeia
- •2.2. Graphic Expressive Means An Outline
- •2.3. Morphological Level of Stylistic Analysis An Outline
- •Seminar 2 Phonographic and morphemic expressive means Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Logical 2. Nominal 3. Emotive meanings.
- •Classification of the semantic structure according to Leningrad school of stylistics: Semantic structure of a word (Prof. I.V.Arnold) consists of denotative and connotative meanings.
- •Semantic structure of words (Prof. Arnold)
- •Stylistic Classification of the English Vocabulary
- •Stylistic Differentiation of the English Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •E.G. I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. It is not pleasant to my feelings; it is repugnant to my feelings. (d) “My children, my defrauded, swindled infants!” cried Mr. Renvings. (d)
- •Seminar 3 Stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary Questions and tasks
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •The lexical thesaurus of the poetic text
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •Unit 4 Stylistic Phraseology An Outline
- •Seminar 4 Stylistic Phraseology Questions and tasks
- •Red herring
- •Recommended lirerature:
- •Units 5-7 Stylistic semasiology An Outline
- •Expressing the emotive and evaluative attitude of the writer towards the object described: ”The Peacelike Mongoose” (j.Thurber)
- •Lexical Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
- •Classification of Lexical Stylistic Devices (I.R.Galperin)
- •I. The Interaction of Different Types of Lexical Meaning
- •1. Interaction of Dictionary and Contextual Logical Meaning
- •2. Interaction of Primary and Derivative Logical Meanings
- •3. Interaction of Logical and Emotive Meaning
- •Classification of Epithets
- •4. Interaction of Logical and Nominal Meaning
- •II. Intensification of a Feature (Lexico-Syntactical sd in V.A. Kukharenko’s classification)
- •Classification of Lexical Stylistic Devices (lsd) (I.R.Galperin, V.A.Kucharenko)
- •Syntactical sd (ssd) – I.R.Galperin
- •The Types of Repetition on the Syntactical Level
- •Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices (lssd) (V.A.Kucharenko)
- •1) Analogy::recurrence (Simile, Climax, Periphrasis)
- •2) Contrast::recurrence (Anticlimax, Antithesis, Litotes)
- •1) Evokes fresh images;
- •2) Reveals the author’s attitude, when it is original (fresh).
- •Antithesis,
- •Anticlimax
- •Litotes
- •Seminar 5 Lexical Level of Stylistic Analysis Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •Recommended literature:
- •Seminar 6 syntactical level of stylistic analysis Questions and tasks
- •Supplement
- •Supplement
- •V. A raison de coeur
- •Recommended literature:
- •Unit 8 Stylistic grammar An Outline
- •Stylistic functions of articles
- •Stylistic transposition of pronouns
- •Adjectives, stylistic function of degrees of comparison
- •Stylistic functions of verbal categories
- •Seminar 8 Stylistic grammar Questions and tasks
- •Units 9-10 Functional stylistics An Outline
- •Functional styles, general characteristics, different classifications of functional styles.
- •Functional Styles of the English Language
- •Functional Styles (y.M.Screbnev)
- •Literary colloquial
- •Familiar colloquial
- •I.V. Arnold
- •Functional Styles (I.R.G.)
- •Classification of Functional Styles of the English Language (I.R.Galperin)
- •The Problem of Colloquial Style
- •The Publicist Style, its Substyles, and their Peculiarities
- •The Newspaper fs, its Substyles and their Peculiarities
- •Formulative
- •1) Rigour and precision:
- •2) Impersonality: Passive Voice constructions
- •3) Logical sequence of utterances is achieved through:
- •The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English language
- •It is characterized by special business terminology:
- •Informal functional styles:
- •Seminars 9-10 functional styles Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Supplement
- •Recommended literature:
- •Unit 11 types of narration and compositional terms An outline
- •Stylistic functions of the author’s narrative:
- •Seminar 11 types of narration Questions and tasks
- •Seminar 12 stylistics of the text Questions and tasks
- •Recommended literature:
- •Suggested schemes for stylistic analyses
- •The general scheme of linguo-stylistic analysis
- •Examination Questions and Problems
- •Assignments for stylistic analysis
- •Bibliography
Questions and tasks
Task 1
Comment on the scheme of sound instrumentation (table 3) and illustrate the usage of phonetic EM and SD to create the effect of euphony and cacophony.
Table 3
Sound instrumentation
Euphony Cacophony
Alliteration Assonance Onomatopoeia
The Cataract of Lodore
by Robert Southey
“How does the water Come down at Lodore?” ………………………… From its sources which well In the tarn on the fell; From its fountains In the mountains, Its rills and its gills; Through moss and through brake, It runs and it creeps For a while, till it sleeps In its own little lake. And thence at departing, Awakening and starting, It runs through the reeds, And away it proceeds, Through meadow and glade, In sun and in shade, And through the wood-shelter, Among crags in its flurry, Helter-skelter, Hurry-skurry. Here it comes sparkling, And there it lies darkling; Now smoking and frothing Its tumult and wrath in, Till, in this rapid race On which it is bent, It reaches the place Of its steep descent. And hurrying and skurrying, And thundering and floundering The cataract strong Then plunges along, Striking and raging
As if a war raging Its caverns and rocks among; Rising and leaping, Sinking and creeping, Swelling and sweeping, Showering and springing, Flying and flinging, Writhing and ringing, Eddying and whisking, Spouting and frisking, Turning and twisting, Around and around With endless rebound: Smiting and fighting, A sight to delight in; Confounding, astounding, Dizzying and deafening the ear with its sound. Collecting, projecting, Receding and speeding, And shocking and rocking, And darting and parting, And threading and spreading, And whizzing and hissing, And dripping and skipping, And hitting and splitting, And shining and twining, And rattling and battling,
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And shaking and quaking, And pouring and roaring, And waving and raving, And tossing and crossing, And flowing and going, And running and stunning, And foaming and roaming, And dinning and spinning, And dropping and hopping, And working and jerking, And guggling and struggling, And heaving and cleaving, And moaning and groaning;
And glittering and frittering, And gathering and feathering, And whitening and brightening, And quivering and shivering,
Dividing and gliding and sliding, And falling and brawling and sprawling, And driving and riving and striving, And sprinkling and twinkling and wrinkling, And sounding and bounding and rounding, And bubbling and troubling and doubling, And grumbling and rumbling and tumbling, And clattering and battering and shattering;
Retreating and beating and meeting and sheeting, Delaying and straying and playing and spraying, Advancing and prancing and glancing and dancing, Recoiling, turmoiling and toiling and boiling, And gleaming and streaming and steaming and beaming, And rushing and flushing and brushing and gushing, And flapping and rapping and clapping and slapping, And curling and whirling and purling and twirling, And thumping and plumping and bumping and jumping, And dashing and flashing and splashing and clashing; And so never ending, but always descending, Sounds and motions for ever and ever are blending All at once and all o'er, with a mighty uproar, And this way the water comes down at Lodore. |
Task 2
Compare and define the cases of euphony and the cases of cacophony in the following passages below:
Those evening bells,
Those evening bells
How many a tale their music tells
Of youth and home
and that sweet time
When last I heard
their soothing chime.
The murmuring of enumerable bees.
The murdering of innumerable beeves.
Task 3
Comment on the following cases of alliteration and their stylistic function:
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Silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain. (E.A.Poe)
-
The furrow followed free. (S.T.Coleridge)
-
The Italian trio tut-tuted their tongues at me. (T.Capote)
-
Nothing so exciting, so scandalous, so savoring of the black arts had startled Aberlaw since Trevor Day, the solicitor was suspected of killing his wife with arsenic. (A.Cronin – Citadel)
-
“Gaunt as the ghastliest of glimpses that gleam through the gloom of the gloaming when ghosts go aghast”poet parodies his own style. (Swinburne Nephelidia)
-
The possessive instinct never stands still. Through florescence and fend, frosts and fires it follows the laws of progression”. (Galsworthy)
-
Deep into the darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, // Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before”. (E.A.Poe)
-
Nor soul helps flesh now // more than flesh helps soul (R.Browning)
-
Dreadful young creatures – squealing and squawking. (D.Carter)
Task 4
Comment on the following cases of assonance and their stylistic function:
It is the hour when from the boughs
The nightingales’ high note is heard;
It is the hour when lovers’ vows
Seem sweet in every whispered word,
And gentle winds and waters near,
Make music to the lovely ear. (Byron).
Task 5
Find examples of different types of rhymes in English prose and poetry.
Task 6
Define different metric patterns in the examples below:
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
SONNET 116
1. Let me not to the marriage of true minds.
2. Admit impediments. Love is not love.
3. Which alters when it alteration finds.
4. Or bends with the remover to remove.
5. O, no! It is an ever-fixed mark.
6. That looks on tempests, and is never shaken.
7. It is the star to every wandering bark.
8. Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.
9. Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks.
10. Within his bending sickle's compass come.
11. Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks.
12. But bears it out even to the edge of doom.
13. If this be error and upon me proved.
14. I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
SONNET 130
My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips’ red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damask’d, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go;
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she belied with false compare.