TURBO C++
Version 1.0
Library Reference
-2-
Оглавление
ВВЕДЕНИЕ.......................................................10
Содержание данного руководства................................10
Документация по классам и функциям, членам классов............10
Шрифты, применяемые в данной книге............................11
Глава 1 библиотечные функции .............................12
Функция "main"................................................12
Аргументы функции "main"....................................12
Пример программы, использующей argc, argv и env.............13
Символы маскирования в командной строке.....................14
Компиляция с использованием ключа -p (Соглашения о
вызовах....................................................15
Значение, возвращаемое функцией main........................16
Описание библиотечных функций.................................16
abort.........................................................17
abs...........................................................17
absread.......................................................18
abswrite......................................................19
access........................................................20
acos..........................................................21
allocmem......................................................22
arc...........................................................23
arg...........................................................24
asctime.......................................................25
asin..........................................................26
assert........................................................27
atan..........................................................28
atan2.........................................................29
atexit........................................................30
atof..........................................................30
atoi..........................................................31
atol..........................................................31
bar...........................................................33
bar3d.........................................................35
bcd...........................................................36
bdos..........................................................37
bdosptr.......................................................38
bioscom.......................................................39
biosdisk......................................................41
biosequip.....................................................44
bioskey.......................................................45
biosmemory....................................................47
biosprint.....................................................47
biostime......................................................48
brk...........................................................49
bsearch.......................................................50
cabs..........................................................51
calloc........................................................52
ceil..........................................................53
cgets.........................................................54
chdir.........................................................55
_chmod........................................................56
chmod.........................................................58
chsize........................................................59
circle........................................................60
_clear87......................................................61
cleardevice...................................................62
clearerr......................................................63
clearviewport.................................................63
clock.........................................................65
-3-
_close........................................................65
close.........................................................66
closegraph....................................................67
clreol........................................................68
clrscr........................................................69
complex.......................................................70
conj..........................................................71
_control87....................................................71
coreleft......................................................72
cos...........................................................73
cosh..........................................................74
country.......................................................74
cprintf.......................................................76
cputs.........................................................77
_creat........................................................77
creat.........................................................79
creatnew......................................................80
creattemp.....................................................81
cscanf........................................................82
ctime.........................................................83
ctrlbrk.......................................................84
delay.........................................................85
delline.......................................................86
detectgraph...................................................86
diftime.......................................................89
disable.......................................................90
div...........................................................91
dosexterr.....................................................91
dostounix.....................................................92
drawpoly......................................................93
dup...........................................................95
dup2..........................................................96
ecvt..........................................................97
ellipse.......................................................98
__emit__......................................................100
enable........................................................101
eof...........................................................102
execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, execvpe.........103
_exit.........................................................108
exit..........................................................109
exp...........................................................110
fabs..........................................................111
farcalloc.....................................................112
farcoreleft...................................................113
farfree.......................................................113
farheapcheck..................................................114
farheapcheckfree..............................................115
farheapchecknode..............................................116
farheapfillfree...............................................118
farheapwalk...................................................119
farmalloc.....................................................120
farrealloc....................................................121
fclose........................................................122
fcloseall.....................................................123
fcvt..........................................................124
fdopen........................................................125
feof..........................................................126
ferror........................................................127
fflush........................................................128
fgetc.........................................................129
fgetchar......................................................130
-4-
fgetpos.......................................................130
fgets.........................................................131
filelength....................................................132
fileno........................................................133
fillellipse...................................................133
fillpoly......................................................135
findfirst.....................................................136
findnext......................................................138
floodfill.....................................................139
floor.........................................................140
flushall......................................................141
fmod..........................................................142
fnmerge.......................................................142
fnsplit.......................................................144
fopen.........................................................146
FP_OFF........................................................147
_fpreset......................................................148
fprintf.......................................................149
FP_SEG........................................................150
fputc.........................................................151
fputchar......................................................151
fputs.........................................................152
fread.........................................................152
free..........................................................153
freemem.......................................................154
freopen.......................................................155
frexp.........................................................156
fscanf........................................................157
fseek.........................................................158
fsetpos.......................................................159
fstat.........................................................160
ftell.........................................................162
ftime.........................................................163
fwrite........................................................164
gcvt..........................................................165
geninterrupt..................................................166
getarccoords..................................................167
getaspectratio................................................168
getbkcolor....................................................170
getc..........................................................171
getcbrk.......................................................171
getch.........................................................172
getchar.......................................................173
getche........................................................173
getcolor......................................................174
getcurdir.....................................................175
getcwd........................................................176
getdate.......................................................177
getdefaultplatte..............................................177
getdfree......................................................178
getdisk.......................................................179
getdrivername.................................................180
getdta........................................................181
getenv........................................................182
getfat........................................................182
getfatd.......................................................184
getfillpattern................................................184
getfillsettings...............................................186
getftime......................................................188
getgraphmode..................................................189
getimage......................................................190
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getlinesttings................................................192
getmaxcolor...................................................194
getmaxmode....................................................195
getmaxx.......................................................197
getmaxy.......................................................198
getmodename...................................................199
getmoderange..................................................200
getpalette....................................................201
getpalettesize................................................203
getpass.......................................................204
getpid........................................................205
getpixel......................................................205
getpsp........................................................207
gets..........................................................207
gettext.......................................................208
gettextinfo...................................................209
gettextsettings...............................................210
gettime.......................................................212
getvect.......................................................213
getverify.....................................................214
getviewsettings...............................................214
getw..........................................................216
getx..........................................................217
gety..........................................................218
gmtime........................................................219
gotoxy........................................................220
graphdefaults.................................................221
grapherrormsg.................................................222
_graphfreemem.................................................223
_graphgetmem..................................................225
graphresult...................................................226
harderr.......................................................228
hardresume....................................................231
hardretn......................................................233
heapcheck.....................................................235
heapcheckfree.................................................236
heapchecknode.................................................237
heapfillfree..................................................238
heapwalk......................................................240
highvideo.....................................................241
hypot.........................................................241
imag..........................................................242
imagesise.....................................................243
initgraph.....................................................244
inport........................................................248
inportb.......................................................248
insline.......................................................249
installuserdriver.............................................250
installuserfont...............................................252
int86.........................................................253
int86x........................................................254
intdos........................................................256
intdosx.......................................................257
intr..........................................................258
ioctl.........................................................259
isalnum.......................................................261
isalpha.......................................................262
isascii.......................................................262
isatty........................................................263
iscntrl.......................................................264
isdigit.......................................................264
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isgraph.......................................................265
islower.......................................................266
isprint.......................................................266
ispunct.......................................................267
isspace.......................................................268
isupper.......................................................268
isxdigit......................................................269
itoa..........................................................269
kbhit.........................................................270
keep..........................................................271
labs..........................................................272
ldexp.........................................................273
ldiv..........................................................273
lfind.........................................................274
line..........................................................275
linerel.......................................................276
lineto........................................................277
localeconv....................................................278
localtime.....................................................279
lock..........................................................280
log...........................................................281
log10.........................................................282
longjmp.......................................................283
lowvideo......................................................285
_lrotl........................................................285
_lrotr........................................................286
lsearch.......................................................287
lseek.........................................................288
ltoa..........................................................289
malloc........................................................290
matherr.......................................................291
max...........................................................294
memccpy.......................................................294
memchr........................................................295
memcmp........................................................296
memcpy........................................................297
memicmp.......................................................297
memmove.......................................................298
memset........................................................299
min...........................................................299
mkdir.........................................................300
MK_FP.........................................................301
mktemp........................................................301
mktime........................................................302
modf..........................................................303
movedata......................................................304
moverel.......................................................304
movetext......................................................306
moveto........................................................306
movmem........................................................308
norm..........................................................308
normvideo.....................................................309
nosound.......................................................310
_open.........................................................310
open..........................................................311
outport.......................................................313
outportb......................................................314
outtext.......................................................314
outtextxy.....................................................315
_OvrlInitEms..................................................316
_OvrlInitExt..................................................316
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parsfnm.......................................................317
peek..........................................................318
peekb.........................................................319
perror........................................................320
pieslice......................................................321
poke..........................................................323
pokeb.........................................................323
polar.........................................................324
poly..........................................................325
pow...........................................................326
pow10.........................................................327
printf........................................................327
putc..........................................................335
putch.........................................................336
putchar.......................................................336
putenv........................................................337
putimage......................................................339
putpixel......................................................341
puts..........................................................342
puttext.......................................................342
putw..........................................................343
qsort.........................................................345
raise.........................................................346
rand..........................................................347
randbrd.......................................................348
randbwr.......................................................349
random........................................................351
randomize.....................................................351
_read.........................................................352
read..........................................................353
real..........................................................354
realloc.......................................................355
rectangle.....................................................356
registerbgidriver.............................................357
registerbgifont...............................................359
remove........................................................360
rename........................................................361
restorecrtmode................................................362
rewind........................................................363
rmdir.........................................................364
_rotl.........................................................365
_rotr.........................................................366
sbrk..........................................................366
scanf.........................................................367
searchpath....................................................376
sector........................................................377
segread.......................................................379
setactivepage.................................................379
setallpalette.................................................381
setaspectratio................................................383
setbkcolor....................................................385
setblock......................................................386
setbuf........................................................387
setcbrk.......................................................389
setcolor......................................................389
_setcursortype................................................391
setdate.......................................................392
setdisk.......................................................393
setdta........................................................393
setfillpattern................................................395
setfillstyle..................................................396
-8-
setftime......................................................398
setgraphbufsize...............................................399
setgraphmode..................................................400
setjmp........................................................402
setlinestyle..................................................403
setlocale.....................................................406
setmem........................................................406
setmode.......................................................407
setpalette....................................................408
setrgbpalette.................................................410
settextjustify................................................411
settextstyle..................................................413
settime.......................................................416
setusercharsize...............................................416
setvbuf.......................................................418
setvect.......................................................419
setverify.....................................................421
setviewport...................................................421
setvisualpage.................................................423
setwritemode..................................................424
signal........................................................425
sin...........................................................430
sinh..........................................................431
sleep.........................................................431
sopen.........................................................432
sound.........................................................434
spawn.........................................................435
sprintf.......................................................439
sqrt..........................................................439
srand.........................................................440
sscanf........................................................441
stat..........................................................442
_status87.....................................................444
stime.........................................................445
stpcpy........................................................446
strcat........................................................446
strchr........................................................447
strcmp........................................................447
strcmpi.......................................................448
strcoll.......................................................449
strcpy........................................................450
strcspn.......................................................450
strdup........................................................451
_strerror.....................................................452
strerror......................................................453
strftime......................................................453
stricmp.......................................................455
strlen........................................................455
strlwr........................................................456
strncat.......................................................457
strncmp.......................................................457
strncmpi......................................................458
strncpy.......................................................459
strnicpm......................................................460
strnset.......................................................460
strpbrk.......................................................461
strrchr.......................................................462
strrev........................................................462
strset........................................................463
strspn........................................................463
strstr........................................................464
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strtod........................................................465
strtok........................................................466
strtol........................................................467
stroul........................................................468
strupr........................................................469
strxfrm.......................................................469
swab..........................................................470
system........................................................470
tan...........................................................471
tanh..........................................................472
tell..........................................................473
textattr......................................................473
textbackground................................................475
textcolor.....................................................476
textheight....................................................478
textmode......................................................479
textwidth.....................................................480
time..........................................................482
tmpfile.......................................................482
tmpnam........................................................483
toascii.......................................................484
_tolower......................................................484
tolower.......................................................485
_toupper......................................................486
toupper.......................................................487
tzset.........................................................487
ultoa.........................................................488
ungetc........................................................489
ungetch.......................................................490
unixtodos.....................................................491
unlink........................................................492
unlock........................................................493
va_arg, va_end, va_start......................................494
vfprintf......................................................496
vfscanf.......................................................497
vprintf.......................................................498
vscanf........................................................499
vsprintf......................................................501
vsscanf.......................................................502
wherex........................................................503
wherey........................................................503
window........................................................504
_write........................................................505
write.........................................................506